Table of Contents
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GIFT GIVING ii. In Pre-Islamic Persia
JOSEF WIESEHÖFER
Giving and receiving gifts appears to have assumed a particular significance and a specific manner in the ancient Near East, and especially in ancient Iran.
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GIFT GIVING iii. In The Medieval Period
Cross-Reference
See Supplement.
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GIFT GIVING iv. In The Safavid Period
Rudi P. Matthee
Virtually all available information on the practice of gift giving in pre-modern Persia is limited to the political elite; It is clear, though, that offering gifts was a conspicuous part of traditional social and political life in Persia.
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GIFT GIVING v. In the Qajar Period
Willem Floor
This habit of gift giving was part of the fabric of Persian life and held for all classes and ranks or social and ethnic groups.
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GĪLAKĪ
Cross-Reference
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GILĀN
Multiple Authors
or Ḡelān; province at the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea.
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GĪLĀN i. GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
Marcel Bazin
Gīlān includes the northwestern end of the Alborz chain and the western part of the Caspian lowlands of Persia. The mountainous belt is cut through by the deep transversal valley of the Safīdrūd between Manjīl and Emāmzāda Hāšem near Rašt.
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GĪLĀN ii. Population
Habibollah Zanjani
The first general census was carried out in 1956 and the sixth in 1996. The geographical boundaries and area have varied from one census to another; at the present time it is 14,819 square kilometers and includes 99 districts, 30 counties and 12 townships. In 1996, there were 2,700 settlements and 35 cities.
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GĪLĀN iii. Archeology
Ezat O. Negahban
The archeology of Gīlān, particularly in the pre-Islamic period, is usually studied in the wider context of the entire south Caspian region, including Mazandarān and Gorgān. Articles on three important locations, Marlik Tepe, Amlaš, and Deylamān, illustrate the perennial difficulties faced by archeological research in Persia.
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GĪLĀN iv. History in the Early Islamic Period
Wilferd Madelung
The Gelae (Gilites) seem to have entered the region south of the Caspian coast and west of the Amardos River (later Safīdrūd) in the second or first century B.C.E.