Table of Contents

• MĀ WARĀʾ AL-NAHR

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  the classical designation for Transoxania or Transoxiana. It was defined by the early Arabic historians and geographers as the lands under Muslim control lying to the north of the middle and upper Oxus or Āmu Daryā.

• MAʾMUN

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  , Abu’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd-Allāh, the seventh Abbasid caliph (r. 813-833), son of Hārun-al-Rašid (d. 809) by a Persian concubine.

• MACHALSKI, FRANCISZEK

  Anna Krasnowolska

  (1904-1979), Polish Iranist. Some of his best papers are devoted to cultural and political life in Pahlavi Persia.

• MACKENZIE, DAVID NEIL

  Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst

  (1926-2001), distinguished British scholar of Middle and Modern Iranian languages with an impressive record of publications.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• MADĀʾEN

  Michael Morony

  the Sasanian metropolitan area of several contiguous cities, on both sides of the Tigris and connected by floating bridges, about 35 km southeast of Abbasid Baghdad.

• MADĀR AL-AFĀŻEL

  Solomon Bayevsky

  dictionary of the Persian language compiled in 1001/1593 by the poet and historian Allāh-dād Fayżī b. Asad al-ʿOlamāʾ ʿAli-šir Serhendi.

• MĀDAR-E SOLAYMĀN

  Cross-Reference

  "Solaymān's mother," local name of the tomb of Cyrus. See CYRUS v. The Tomb of Cyrus. 

• MĀDAYĀN Ī HAZĀR DĀDESTĀN

  Maria Macuch

  (Book of a Thousand Judgements), Pahlavi Law-Book from the late Sasanian period (first half of the seventh century).

• MĀDDA TĀRIḴ

  Paul Losensky

  chronogram poem, a poetic genre characterized by the inclusion of the year in which an event occurred.

• MAGIC i. MAGICAL ELEMENTS IN THE AVESTA AND NĒRANG LITERATURE

  Antonio Panaino

  The presence of magical elements in the strict sense  in Avestan literature has been considered rare.