Table of Contents
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ḠUR
C. Edmund Bosworth
a region of central Afghanistan, essentially the modern administrative province (welāyat) of Ḡōrāt.
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GUR-E AMIR
Cross-Reference
See SAMARQAND.
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GUR-E DOḴTAR
cross-reference
See BOZPĀR.
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GURĀN
Pierre Oberling
a tribe dwelling in the dehestān of Gurān, between Qaṣr-e Širin and Kermānšāh (Bāḵtarān), in Kurdistan.
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GURĀNI
D. N. Mackenzie
comprises a group of similar North-west Iranian dialects which includes that of Kandula, 25 miles north-north-west of Kermānšāh, and Bāǰalānī, in the region around Zohāb and Qaṣr-e Šīrīn, with an offshoot among the Šabak, Ṣārlī, and Bāǰalān (Bēǰwān) villages east of the city of Mosul in Iraq.
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GURDZIECKI, BOGDAN
Rudi Matthee
known in Persia as Bohtam Beg; Polish envoy of Georgian-Armenian origin and first permanent Polish resident in Safavid Persia (d. Moscow, 1700).
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ḠURIĀN
Cross-Reference
See FUŠANJ.
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GURKHAN
Cross-Reference
See QARA ḴETĀY; CENTRAL ASIA; TITLE OF RULERS.
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GURUMU
Cross-Reference
See BĒṮ GARMĒ.
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GUŠA
Jean During
lit. "corner" or "part"; a term in Persian music designating a unit of melody of variable importance, which occupies a special place in the development of one of the twelve modal systems (dastgāh or āvāz).
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GUSAN
Cross-Reference
See EPICS.
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GUSFAND
Jean-Pierre Digard
sheep, ovine.
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GUŠYĀR GILĀNI, ABU’L-ḤASAN B. LABBĀN
David Pingree
Arabicized Kušyār; an astronomer and mathematician from Gilān, whence his nesba Jili/Gilāni (fl. late 10th-early 11th cent.).
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GUTIANS
Marc Van De Mieroop
name used in ancient Mesopotamian texts to refer to a variety of people, mostly from the Zagros mountain area.
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GUTSCHMID, HERMANN ALFRED FREIHERR VON
Ronald E. Emmerick
(b. Loschwitz near Dresden, 1831; d. Tübingen, 1887), classical scholar and ancient historian with a special interest in the Ancient Near East.
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GÜYÜK KHAN
Peter Jackson
(r. 1246-48), Mongol great khan (qaḡan), given posthumously the regnal title Ting-tsung.
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GUZAŠTAG ABĀLIŠ
Cross-Reference
See ABĀLIŠ.
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GUZGĀN
Cross-Reference
a district of what was in early Islamic times eastern Khorasan, now roughly corresponding to the northwest of modern Afghanistan, adjacent to the frontier with the southeastern fringe of the Turkmenistan Republic. See JOWZJĀN.
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GWĀTI
Cross-Reference
See BALUCHISTAN.
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GYMNASTICS IN PERSIA
Cross-Reference
See Supplement.
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GYPSUM
Dietrich Huff
soft mineral produced from natural gypsum rock by firing in kilns or piles and subsequent pulverization by pounding and grinding.
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GYPSY
Jean-Pierre Digard, Gernot L. Windfuhr
generally referred to by the term kowli in Persian, seemingly a distortion of kāboli, that is, coming from Kabol, the capital of Afghanistan. It is not at all certain, however, that all the groups referred to as kowli are authentic gypsies; nor that only the groups referred to as kowli should be considered as gypsies.
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GYPSY i. Gypsies of Persia
Jean-Pierre Digard
Almost everywhere in Persia there are groups with characteristics similar to those of the Gypsies, but they are called by different names, sometimes designating their geographic or ethnic origin, sometimes their social status, and sometimes their profession.
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GYPSY ii. Gypsy Dialects
Gernot L. Windfuhr
The languages and dialects popularly called “Gypsy” (< Egipcien < qebṭi “Coptic, Egyptian”) constitute three major groups: Asiatic or Middle Eastern Domari, Armenian Lomavren, and European Romani.
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Gurughli
music sample
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G~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Cross-Reference
list of all the figure and plate images in the letter G entries.