Table of Contents
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ĀLČĪ
D. O. Morgan
(“sealer”), a Turkish term (from āl “red seal”) designating an il-khanid chancery official.
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ALDANMIŠ KÄVAKEB
S. Soucek
Azeri Turkish title of a narrative by Āḵūndzāda (1812-78).
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ʿĀLEMPUR, Moḥyi-al-Din
Habib Borjian
(Muhiddin Olimpur/Olimov), Tajik journalist, photographer, and intellectual figure who was instrumental in strengthening cultural ties among Persianate societies (1945-1995).
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ALESSANDRI
A. M. Piemontese
(d. after 1595), Venetian secretary and diplomat, author of an important report on Safavid Persia.
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ALEXANDER OF LYCOPOLIS
G. Widengren
apparently a Neoplatonic philosopher living in Egypt about 300 CE.
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT
P. Briant
(356-323 B.C.). Ascending the throne of Macedonia on the assassination of his father Philip II in 336, Alexander quickly took up Philip’s grand scheme to land an army in Asia and “liberate the Greek cities from the Achaemenid yoke.”
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT ii. In Zoroastrian Tradition
F. M. Kotwal and P. G. Kreyenbroek
heritage of the Sasanian period includes two widely divergent storylines about Alexander, both of which were presumably transmitted by Zoroastrians and can therefore be labelled “Zoroastrian.”
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ALEXANDER, PRINCE
G. Bournoutian
(known in Persian as ESKANDAR MĪRZĀ), pro-Persian member of the royal family of Georgia (b. 1770, d. after 1830).
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ALEXANDRIA
P. Leriche
general designation of cities whose foundation is credited to Alexander the Great (356-23 B.C.).
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ALEXANDROPOLIS
P. Leriche
name of a number of cities. According to certain historians, these cities were founded after Alexander’s death; others call some of these same cities Alexandria.
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ALF LAYLA WA LAYLA
Ch. Pellat
“One thousand nights and one night,” Arabic title of the world-famous collection of tales known in English as The Arabian Nights.
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ALFARIC, PROSPER
H. C. Puech
(1876-1955), French historian of religions.
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ALFĪYA VA ŠALFĪYA
Cross-Reference
name given to illustrated books, in particular one by Azraqī, describing various kinds of sexual relationships between men and women. See AZRAQI.
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ʿALĪ ʿAJAMĪ
Cross-Reference
See ʿALĪ, ḴᵛĀJA.
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ʿALĪ AKBAR
J. Calmard
Imam Ḥosayn’s eldest son, killed at the age of 18, 19, or 25 at the battle of Karbalā on the day of ʿĀšūrā (10 Moḥarram 61/10 October 680).
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ʿALĪ AKBAR ḤOSAYNĪ ARDESTĀNĪ
K. A. Nizami
Indo-Muslim taḏkera writer, remembered solely for his unpublished Maǰmaʿ al-awlīāʾ, an encyclopedia of Sufi saints compiled in 1043/1633-34 and dedicated to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (1037-68/1628-58).
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ʿALĪ AKBAR ḴEṬĀʾĪ
T. Yazici
(15th-16th centuries), author of the Persian Ḵeṭāy-nāma or “Book of Cathay,” i.e., of China.
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ʿALĪ AKBAR ŠAHMĪRZĀDĪ
M. Momen
known as Ḥāǰǰ Āḵund, a prominent Iranian Bahāʾī (b. 1842).
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ʿALĪ AL-AʿLĀ
H. Algar
(d. 822/1419), also known as Amīr Sayyed ʿAlī, principal successor of Fażlallāh Astarābādī, founder of the Ḥorūfī sect.
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ʿALĪ AL-HĀDĪ
W. Madelung
the 10th imam of the Emāmī Shiʿites (d. 254/868).
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ʿALĪ AL-NAQĪ
Cross-Reference
IMAM. See ʿALĪ AL-HĀDĪ.
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ʿALĪ AL-REŻĀ
W. Madelung
the eighth Imam of the Emāmī Shiʿites.
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ʿALĪ ĀQĀ TABRĪZĪ, MIRZA
Cross-Reference
See ṮEQAT-AL-ESLĀM.
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ʿALĪ AṢḠAR
J. Calmard
Imam Ḥosayn’s youngest son, killed at Karbalā (10 Moḥarram 61/10 October 680).
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ʿALĪ AṢḠAR BORŪJERDĪ
L. P. Elwell-Sutton
author of several works including the ʿAqāʾed al-šīʿa, written in 1263/1874 and dedicated to Moḥammad Shah Qāǰār.
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ʿALĪ AṢḠAR ČEŠTĪ
K. A. Nizami
Mughal hagiographer, chiefly known for his Jawāher-e Farīdī, compiled in 1033/1623 during the reign of Jahāngīr (1014-37/1605-27).
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ʿALĪ B. ʿABBĀS MAJŪSĪ
L. Richter-Bernburg
physician from Fārs and author of an Arabic work on medicine (d. /994 [?]); probably the most important medical writer between Rāzī and Ebn Sīnā.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿABDALLĀH
Cross-Reference
See ʿALAWAYH AʿSAR.
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ʿALĪ B. ABĪ ṬĀLEB
I. K. Poonawala, E. Kohlberg
(b. ca. 600, d. 40/661), cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Moḥammad, first Shiʿite Imam, father of the Imams Ḥasan and Ḥosayn by Fāṭema, and fourth caliph (35-40/656-61).
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ʿALĪ B. AḤMAD BALḴĪ
D. Pingree
post-3rd/9th century astronomer.
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ʿALĪ B. ASAD
ʿA. Ḥabībī
(second half of the 11th cent.), the amir of Badaḵšān to whom Nāṣer(-e) Ḵosrow dedicated his Jāmeʿ al-ḥekmatayn
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ʿALĪ B. BŪYA
Cross-Reference
the eldest of three brothers who came to power in western Persia as military adventurers and founded the Buyid dynasty. See ʿEMĀD-AL-DAWLA.
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ʿALĪ B. FARĀMARZ
C. E. Bosworth
member of the Deylamī dynasty of the Kakuyids (d. 1095).
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ʿALĪ B. ḤĀMED
cross-reference
KŪFĪ. See ČĀČ-NĀMA.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤARB
C. E. Bosworth
(or ʿAlī b. ʿOṯmān b. Ḥarb), ephemeral Saffarid amir of the so-called “third Saffarid dynasty”.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤASAN
cross-reference
See ʿALĪTIGIN.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSĀM-AL-DAWLA
cross-reference
ŠAHRĪĀR. See ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ʿALĪ.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN AL-ŠARĪF
cross-reference
AL-MORTAŻĀ. See ʿALAM-AL-HODĀ.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN ANṢĀRĪ
cross-reference
See ZAYN-AL-DĪN ʿAṬṬĀR.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN B. ʿALĪ B. ABĪ ṬĀLEB
W. Madelung
ZAYN-AL-ʿĀBEDĪN (d. ca. 712-13), the fourth Imam of the Emāmī Shiʿites.
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ʿALĪ B. IL-ARSLAN QARĪB
C. E. Bosworth
or ḴᵛĪŠĀVAND, ZAʿĪM-AL-ḤOJJĀB, Turkish military commander of the early Ghaznavids Maḥmūd, Moḥammad and Masʿūd I.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿĪSĀ B. DĀʾŪD
D. Sourdel
B. AL-JARRĀḤ (245-334/859-946), vizier during the reign of the caliph Moqtader (r. 908-32). His family was of Persian origin resident in Iraq.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿĪSĀ B. MĀHĀN
Ch. Pellat
(d. 812), officer in the service of the ʿAbbasids.
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ʿALĪ B. MAʾMŪN
C. E. Bosworth
ABU’L-ḤASAN, second Ḵᵛārazmšāh of the short-lived Maʾmunid dynasty in Ḵᵛārazm (r. 997-ca. 1008-09).
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ʿALĪ B. MASʿŪD
C. E. Bosworth
[I], BAHĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ABU’L-ḤASAN, Ghaznavid sultan, reigned briefly ca. 1048-49.
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ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD
cross-reference
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ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD B. ABĪ ṬĀHER
cross-reference
See ABŪ ṬĀHER.
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ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD B. ʿALĪ
cross-reference
ASTARĀBĀDĪ. See ŠARĪF JORJĀNĪ.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH
M. J. McDermott
B. ḤASAN ḤASKĀ B. ḤOSAYN B. ḤASAN B. ḤOSAYN, Shiʿite traditionist and biographer (b. 1110-11, d. after 1189).
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ʿALĪ B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH ṢĀDEQ
C. E. Bosworth
ABU’L ḤASAN (d. ca. 1040), Ghaznavid military commander under Sultan Masʿūd I.