Table of Contents

  • AḴTAR-E KĀVĪĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See DERAFŠ-E KĀVĪĀN.

  • ĀḴŪND

    H. Algar

    (or ĀḴᵛOND), a word of uncertain etymology with the general meaning of religious scholar. Various Persian origins have been proposed for the word.

  • AḴŪND ḴORĀSĀNĪ

    A. Hairi, S. Murata

    (1255-1329/1839-1911), Shiʿite religious leader.

  • ĀḴŪND, ḤĀJJ

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿALĪ AKBAR ŠAHMĪRZĀDĪ.

  • ĀḴŪNDZĀDA

    H. Algar

    (in Soviet usage, AKHUNDOV), Azerbaijani playwright and propagator of alphabet reform (1812-78).

  • AKVĀN-E DĪV

    DJ. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    the demon Akvān, who was killed by Rostam in the Šāh-nāma.

  • ĀḴᵛOND

    Cross-Reference

    See ĀḴŪND.

  • AḴYĀR

    H. Algar

    “the chosen” (Persian, bargozīdagān), a category sometimes encountered in accounts given by Sufi writers of the unseen hierarchy known as reǰāl al-ḡayb (“men of the unseen”).

  • ĀL

    A. Šāmlū and J. R. Russell

    a folkloric being that personifies puerperal fever; the name apparently derives from Iranian āl “red.”

  • ĀL TAMḠĀ

    G. Doerfer

    “red seal,” Turkish term for the supreme seal of the Mongol Il-Khans of Iran.

  • ĀL-E ʿABĀ

    H. Algar

    “The Family of the Cloak,” i.e., the Prophet Moḥammad, his daughter Fāṭema, his cousin and son-in-law ʿAlī, and his grandsons Ḥasan and Ḥosayn.

  • ĀL-E AFRĀSĪĀB (1)

    C. E. Bosworth

    a minor Iranian Shiʿite dynasty of Māzandarān in the Caspian coastlands that flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period.

  • ĀL-E AFRĪḠ

    C. E. Bosworth

    (Afrighid dynasty), the name given by the Khwarazmian scholar Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī to the dynasty of rulers in his country, with the ancient title of Ḵᵛārazmšāh.

  • ĀL-E AḤMAD, JALĀL

    J. W. Clinton

    (1923-69), well-known writer and social critic.

  • ĀL-E ʿALĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿALIDS.

  • ĀL-E BĀBĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀBĀN.

  • ĀL-E BĀVAND

    W. Madelung

    (BAVANDIDS), a dynasty ruling Ṭabarestān (Māzandarān) from at least the 2nd/8th century until 750/1349. 

  • ĀL-E BORHĀN

    C. E. Bosworth

    the name of a family of spiritual and civic leaders in Bokhara during the 6th/12th and early 7th/13th centuries.

  • ĀL-E BŪ KORD

    P. Oberling

    a tribe of Ḵūzestān, of uncertain origin.

  • ĀL-E BŪYA

    Cross-Reference

    See BUYIDS.

  • ĀL-E DĀBŪYA

    Cross-Reference

    See DABUYIDS.

  • ĀL-E ELYĀS

    C. E. Bosworth

    a short-lived Iranian dynasty which ruled in the eastern Persian province of Kermān during the 4th/10th century. 

  • ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN

    C. E. Bosworth

    The Iranian name of the family, Farīḡūn, may well be connected with that of the legendary Iranian figure Farīdūn/Afrīdūn; moreover the author of the Ḥodūd al-ʿālam, who seems to have lived and worked in Gūzgān, specifically says in his entry on the geography of Gūzgān that the malek of that region was a descendant of Afrīdūn.

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  • ĀL-E FAŻLŪYA

    Cross-Reference

    See ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN.

  • ĀL-E HĀŠEM

    C. Cahen

    3rd-5th/9th-11th century local dynasty of the region of Darband.

  • ĀL-E JALĀYER

    Cross-Reference

    See JALAYERIDS.

  • ĀL-E ḴAMĪS

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿARAB.

  • ĀL-E KART

    B. Spuler

    or perhaps ĀL-E KORT, an east Iranian dynasty (643-791/1245-1389).

  • ĀL-E KAṮĪR

    J. Qāʾem-Maqāmī

    an Arab tribe of Ḵūzestān composed of two subtribes, Bayt Saʿd and Bayt Karīm and inhabiting two sectors of Šūš and Dezfūl.

  • ĀL-E MĀKŪLĀ

    D. M. Dunlop

    a Persian noble family prominent at Baghdad in the 5th/11th century.

  • ĀL-E MAʾMŪN

    C. E. Bosworth

    Their rise is connected with the growth of the commercial center of Gorgānǰ in northwest Ḵᵛārazm and its rivalry with the capital of the Afrighids, Kāt or Kāṯ, on the right bank of the Oxus. Gorgānǰ flourished especially because of its position as the terminus for caravan trade across the Ust Urt desert to the Emba.

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  • ĀL-E MĪKĀL

    R. W. Bulliet

    the leading aristocratic family of western Khorasan from the 3rd/9th to the 5th/11th century.

  • ĀL-E MOḤTĀJ

    C. E. Bosworth

    a local dynasty, most probably of Iranian origin but conceivably of Iranized Arab stock, who ruled in the principality of Čaḡānīān on the right bank of the upper Oxus in the basin of the Sorḵān river.

  • ĀL-E MOẒAFFAR

    Cross-Reference

    See MOZAFFARIDS.

  • ĀL-E ŠANSAB

    Cross-Reference

    See GHURIDS.

  • ĀL-E VARDĀNZŪR

    Cross-Reference

    See ATĀBAKĀN-E YAZD.

  • ĀL-E ZĪĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See ZIYARIDS.

  • ʿALĀʾ

    H. Busse

    vizier of Fārs under the Buyid rulers Šaraf-al-dawla and Ṣamṣām-al-dawla.

  • ĀLĀ DĀḠ

    E. Ehlers

    name of a number of mountains in Iran; of Turkish origin, the words mean “colored mountain.”

  • ALA, HOSAYN

    Mansureh Ettehadieh and EIr.

    (1882-1964), statesman, diplomat, minister, and prime minister during the late Qajar and Pahlavi periods. He served as a high-ranking official from the Constitutional Revolution of 1906-07 to the time of the White Revolution of 1963-64.

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  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA

    Cross-Reference

    See ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP.

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA

    Ḥ. Maḥbūbī Ardakānī

    (d. 1299/1882), notable of the Qajar tribe and holder of high offices under Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah.

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ʿALĪ

    C. E. Bosworth

    (511-34/1117-40), ruler of the Espahbadīya line of the local dynasty of the Bavandids in the Caspian region of Māzandarān.

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ḎUʾL-QADAR

    R. M. Savory

    early 9th/15th century ruler of Maṛʿaš and Albestān in the kingdom of Little Armenia, east of the Taurus mountains. 

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ḤASAN B. ROSTAM

    W. Madelung

    B. ʿALĪ B. ŠAHRĪĀR, ŠARAF-AL-MOLŪK, Bavandid ruler of Māzandarān. According to the account of Ebn Esfandīār, he reigned from 558/1163 to 566/1171. 

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA MOḤAMMAD

    C. E. Bosworth

    (d. 433/1041), Daylamī military leader and founder of the shortlived but significant Kakuyid dynasty.

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA SEMNĀNĪ

    J. van Ess

    (1261-1336), famous mystic of the Il-khanid period, opponent of the growing influence of Ebn ʿArabī in Iran.

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA, MĪRZĀ AḤMAD KHAN

    Ḥ. Maḥbūbī Ardakānī

    (d. 1329/1911), the son of Moḥammad Raḥīm Khan ʿAlāʾ-al-dawla.

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA, ROKN-AL-DĪN MĪRZĀ

    J. Woods

    Timurid prince (820-65/1417-60).

  • ʿALĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿALĪ

    C. E. Bosworth

    Ghurid malek and later sultan, reigned in Ḡūr from Fīrūzkūh as the last of his family there before the extinction of the dynasty by the Ḵᵛārazmšāhs, 599-602/1203-96 and 611-12/1214-15.