Table of Contents

  • JARRĀḤI RIVER

    cross-reference

    See KHUZESTAN i. Geography.

  • JĀRUDIYA

    cross-reference

    See ZAIDIS.

  • JĀS

    D. T. Potts

    also written Jāšk (‘Jasques’ in English East India Company sources), a small Baluchi port on the Makrān coast with palm gardens.

  • JĀSK

    Daniel T. Potts

    a small Baluchi port on the Makrān coast with palm gardens, considered part of the Hormozgan province.

  • JAŠN

    cross-reference

    See GĀHANBĀR; FESTIVALS ii.

  • JĀSP

    cross-reference

    See MAḤALLĀT.

  • JĀT

    M. Jamil Hanifi

    a contested and ambiguous label for several non-food-producing peripatetic, itinerant communities in Afghanistan and the surrounding region.

  • JĀTAKASTAVA

    Mauro Maggi

    a Khotanese religious poem in praise (Skt. stava-) of the Buddha’s former births (Skt. jātaka-).

  • JAUBERT, PIERRE AMÉDÉE ÉMILIEN-PROBE

    Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam

    In June 1806 Jaubert was received in audience by the shah in Tehran and presented a letter from Napoleon. Negotiations were carried out,  and the court offered him a large portrait of the shah.

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  • JAVĀNMARDI

    Mohsen Zakeri

    also fotowwa, denoting a wide variety of amorphous associations with initiation rituals and codes in the Islamic world, primarily in its eastern regions.

  • JAVĀNRUD

    ʿAbd-Allāh Marduḵ and EIr.

    a city and a sub-province (šahrestān) in the northwest of Kermānšāhān Province near the border with Iraq at about 110 km southwest of Sanandaj sub-province.

  • JAVĀNŠIR QARĀBĀḠI, JAMĀL

    George Bournoutian

    (1773-1853), a leader of the Javānšir tribe and an office-holder in Qarābāḡ and Dagestan.

  • JĀVDĀN-NĀMA

    Orkhan Mir-Kasimov

    the major work of Fażl-Allāh Astarābādi (d. 1394), the founder of the Ḥorufi movement.

  • JĀVID, ʿABD-AL-AḤMAD

    Nassereddin Parvin

    Following his passion for Persian literature, Jāvid enrolled at the Faculty of Literature at Tehran University and studied alongside a number of students who would later rise to prominence. After compiling the preliminary work for his dissertation, he returned to Kabul with B.A. degrees in literature and law and began to teach and conduct research.

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  • JĀVID-NĀMA

    David Matthews

    (Pers. Jāved-nāma), title of a Persian maṯnawi by Muhammad Iqbal, often rendered into English as “The Song of Eternity,” first published in 1932.

  • JAWĀHER AL-ʿAJĀYEB

    Maria Szuppe

    a short, rare kind of taḏkera in Persian, containing biographies of female poets and specimens of their verses (mostly in Persian, some in Chaghatay Turkish).

  • JAWĀHER-E ḴAMSA

    Carl W. Ernst

    title of a Persian work on Sufi meditation practices composed by the well-known and controversial Šaṭṭārī saint, Moḥammad Ḡawṯ Gwāleyārī (1500-1563).

  • JAWĀHER-NĀMA

    Yves Porter

    the title of several Persian works on precious stones, gems, minerals, and metals, as well as on crafts related to them.

  • JAWĀLIQI, HEŠĀM

    Abbas Kadhim

    b. Sālem, an Imami jurist and theologian of the 8th century. He was a close associate of the Imams Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq and Musā al-Kāẓem.

  • JAWĀMEʿ AL-ḤEKĀYĀT

    Dariush Kargar

    the earliest and the most comprehensive collection of stories in the Persian language, compiled by Sadid-al-Din Moḥammad ʿAwfi (d. after 1232).

  • JAWHARI, ABU ʿABD-ALLĀH AḤMAD

    Abbas Kadhim

     b. Moḥammad b. ʿObayd-Allāh b. Ḥasan b. ʿAyyāš, 10th-century Imami transmitter of Hadith (d. 1010).

  • JAXARTES

    Cross-Reference

    river in Central Asia. See SYR DARYA, forthcoming online.

  • JAZĀʾERI, NEʿMAT-ALLĀH ŠOŠTARI

    Forthcoming

    NEʿMAT-ALLĀH ŠOŠTARI JAZĀʾERI will be discussed in a future online entry.

  • JAZI, ʿABBĀS

    Habib Borjian

    (1847-1905), DARVIŠ, poet in the dialect of Gaz, an oasis north of Isfahan.

  • JAZIRI

    Joyce Blau

    SHAIKH AḤMAD, or Malâ-ye Jizrî, early Kurdish poet.

  • JAŽN-Ā JAMĀʿIYA

    Khalil Jindy Rashow

    (Feast of the Assembly), the great communal festival of the Yazidis.

  • JEBĀL

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    in Arabic, the plural of jabal “mountain,” a geographical term used in early Islamic times for the western part of Persia, roughly corresponding to ancient Media (Ar. māh).

  • JEBHE-YE MELLI

    cross-reference

    See NATIONAL FRONT.

  • JEBRIL B. ʿOBAYD-ALLĀH

    cross-reference

    See BOḴTIŠUʿ.

  • JEH

    Albert de Jong

    name of a female demon in a small number of Zoroastrian Middle Persian texts. The name of Jeh is commonly, but with little justification, translated as “whore.”

  • JEJEEBHOY, JAMSETJEE

    Jesse S. Palsetia

    (1783-1859), Sir, Parsi businessman and philanthropist.

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  • JELD

    cross-reference

    See BOOKBINDING 1BOOKBINDING 2.

  • JELWA, ABU’L-ḤASAN

    Mahdi Khalaji

    b. Moḥammad Ṭabāṭabāʾi (1823-1897), a leading Shiʿite scholar and master teacher of philosophy and mathematics.

  • JELWA, KETĀB AL-

    Philip Kreyenbroek

    (Kurd. Kitēba jilwe “the Book of splendor”), title of a notional sacred text in Yazidism.

  • JEM SOLṬĀN

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    (or Šāhzāda Jem, 1459-1495), Ottoman prince and poet.

  • JEMĀLI

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    Ottoman poet and writer of the 15th century.

  • JEN-NĀMA

    Mohammad Reza Ghanoonparvar

    (The book of jinn, Sweden, 1998), the last novel of Hushang Golshiri, arguably his magnum opus.

  • JENJĀN

    Daniel T. Potts

    coll. Jenjun, “Jinjun,” village in western Fārs, small archeological site of the Achaemenid period. 

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  • JENKINSON, ANTHONY

    Stephan Schmuck

    (1529-1611), merchant and traveler. On 2 November 1562, he arrived in Qazvin, the seat of Shah Ṭahmāsp (r. 1524-76). But the shah did not wish to jeopardize his recently concluded peace with the Ottoman empire, so that Jenkinson was neither well received at court nor did he obtain the desired documents. In his writings, Jenkinson succinctly described his journeys to regions never before visited by English travelers.

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  • JENN

    cross-reference

    See GENIE.

  • JÉQUIER, GUSTAVE

    Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam

    During his five year residence in Persia, Jéquier sent home to his family many letters and accounts of his daily life in Persia and these were compiled and published posthumously as a volume entitled En Perse 1897-1902 by his son Michel Jéquier.

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  • JERGA

    M. Jamil Hanifi

    an assembly or council of local adult men, among the settled and nomadic Pashtun tribal communities of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

  • JERUSALEM AND IRAN

    Hagith Sivan

    Twice Jerusalem came under Persian rule, the first time in the sixth century BCE, the second during the westward expansion of the Sasanian state in the early seventh century CE.

  • JESUITS IN SAFAVID PERSIA

    Rudi Matthee

    The Fathers of the Society of Jesus were the first European missionaries to enter the Persian Gulf in the 16th century. Their pioneer was the Dutchman Gaspar Barzaeus (Berze, 1515-53).

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  • JEVDET PASHA

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    (1823-1895), Ottoman writer, historian, jurist, and statesman.

  • JEVDET, ʿABD-ALLĀH

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    (1869-1932), Ottoman poet, writer, translator, and thinker.

  • JEVRI, AHISKALI

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    (1805-1875), Ottoman poet and translator, a professional soldier.

  • JEVRI, EBRĀHIM ČELEBI

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    (d. 1654), Ottoman poet and calligrapher.

  • JEWISH EXILARCHATE

    Jacob Neusner

    position of the head of the Jewish community in Babylonia in talmudic and medieval times, recognized in Sasanian times as an ethnarch, ruler of the ethnic group.

  • JEWS OF IRAN

    cross-reference

    See JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES.