Table of Contents

  • JALĀL-AL-DIN ḴvĀRAZMŠĀH(I) MENGÜBIRNI

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    the last Ḵᵛārazmšāh of the line of Anuštigin Ḡarčaʾi, reigned in 1220-31 as the eldest son and successor of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad.

  • JALĀL-AL-DIN MIRZĀ

    Abbas Amanat and Farzin Vejdani

    Qajar historian and freethinker (1827-1872), son of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah (r. 1797-1834). Besides European influences, the intellectual sources of his freethinking are not entirely known. He associated with Mirzā Malkom Khan (1833-1908) and his secret society, the Farāmuš-ḵāna (‘house of oblivion’), which labored to recruit members.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.
  • JALĀL-AL-DIN MOḤAMMAD BALḴI, MAWLAWI

    cross-reference

    See RUMI. Forthcoming, online.

  • JALĀL-AL-DIN TURĀNŠĀH

    cross-reference

    See MOZAFFARIDS.

  • JALĀL-AL-MOLK

    cross-reference

    See IRAJ MIRZĀ.

  • JALĀLĀBĀD

    Shah Mahmoud Hanifi

    a city, a valley, and an administrative unit of fluctuating scope within the Afghan state structure. The city is located in eastern Afghanistan at 1,885 feet above sea level in the north-central portion of an elongated oval valley that stretches approximately 80 miles east to west.

  • JALĀLI

    Pierre Oberling

    a Kurdish tribe of eastern Anatolia and northwestern Persia.

  • JALĀLZĀDA

    Tahsın Yazici

    (b. ca. 1490-94; d. 1567), MOṢṬAFĀ ÇELEBI, also known as “Koja Nişancı” (Ḵᵛāja Nešānči), Ottoman historian and administrator.

  • JALĀYER

    cross-reference

    See KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS.

  • JALĀYER, ESMĀʿIL KHAN

    Manouchehr Broomand

    a prominent painter of the Qajar era, during the reign of Nāṣer-al-Din Shah (r. 1848-96). He was  noted for his work in the genres of irāni-sāzi (Iranian subjects, relatively unaffected by European influences) and ṭabiʿat-sāzi (fauna and flora in a European naturalistic mode).

    This Article Has Images/Tables.
  • JALAYERIDS

    Peter Jackson

    (sometimes called the Ilakāni by Persian historians), a dynasty of Mongol origin which ruled over Iraq, and for several decades also over north-western Persia, from the collapse of the Il-khanate in the late 1330s until the early 15th century.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.
  • JALIL, RAHIM

    K. Hitchins

    Soviet Tajik writer (1909-1989), a master of the short story.

  • JALILAVAND

    Pierre Oberling

    a small Laki-speaking tribe inhabiting the Kermānšāh and Lorestān regions, most of whom belong to the Ahl-e Haqq sect.

  • JĀLINUS

    Hormoz Ebrahimnejad

    (Galen), the Arabic form of Greek Galenos, the name of the illustrious 2nd-century authority on medicine of ancient Greece.

  • JALULĀʾ

    Klaus Klier

    the site of a major battle between the Sasanian and Muslim forces. This locale is a medium-sized town in the Diāla Province of Iraq, situated on the middle course of the Diāla River.

  • JAM

    M. Reza Fariborz Hamzeh’ee

    name given to a religious ceremony performed among two important religious communities living traditionally in the same historical region on the Zagros Mountain chain.

  • JĀM (1)

    Majd-al-din Keyvani

    a mountainous region on the way from Kabul to Herat, and a historically important village in the province of Ghur (Ḡur) in western Afghanistan.

  • JĀM (2)

    Pending

    “cup”: in Persian art and literature. Pending online.

  • JĀM MINARET

    F. B. Flood

    pre-eminent 12th-century monument of the Šansabāni sultans of Ḡur in central Afghanistan. The minaret stands 65 meters high near the confluence of the Harirud and Jāmrud rivers in a remote mountain valley once protected by a series of defensive towers.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.
  • JAM, MAḤMUD

    Ali Sadeghi

    (1885-1969), titled Modir-al-Molk, prime minister under Reżā Shah.