Table of Contents
-
JALĀL-AL-DIN ḴvĀRAZMŠĀH(I) MENGÜBIRNI
C. Edmund Bosworth
the last Ḵᵛārazmšāh of the line of Anuštigin Ḡarčaʾi, reigned in 1220-31 as the eldest son and successor of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad.
-
JALĀL-AL-DIN MIRZĀ
Abbas Amanat and Farzin Vejdani
Qajar historian and freethinker (1827-1872), son of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah (r. 1797-1834). Besides European influences, the intellectual sources of his freethinking are not entirely known. He associated with Mirzā Malkom Khan (1833-1908) and his secret society, the Farāmuš-ḵāna (‘house of oblivion’), which labored to recruit members.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
JALĀL-AL-DIN MOḤAMMAD BALḴI, MAWLAWI
cross-reference
See RUMI. Forthcoming, online.
-
JALĀL-AL-DIN TURĀNŠĀH
cross-reference
See MOZAFFARIDS.
-
JALĀL-AL-MOLK
cross-reference
See IRAJ MIRZĀ.
-
JALĀLĀBĀD
Shah Mahmoud Hanifi
a city, a valley, and an administrative unit of fluctuating scope within the Afghan state structure. The city is located in eastern Afghanistan at 1,885 feet above sea level in the north-central portion of an elongated oval valley that stretches approximately 80 miles east to west.
-
JALĀLI
Pierre Oberling
a Kurdish tribe of eastern Anatolia and northwestern Persia.
-
JALĀLZĀDA
Tahsın Yazici
(b. ca. 1490-94; d. 1567), MOṢṬAFĀ ÇELEBI, also known as “Koja Nişancı” (Ḵᵛāja Nešānči), Ottoman historian and administrator.
-
JALĀYER
cross-reference
See KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS.
-
JALĀYER, ESMĀʿIL KHAN
Manouchehr Broomand
a prominent painter of the Qajar era, during the reign of Nāṣer-al-Din Shah (r. 1848-96). He was noted for his work in the genres of irāni-sāzi (Iranian subjects, relatively unaffected by European influences) and ṭabiʿat-sāzi (fauna and flora in a European naturalistic mode).
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
JALAYERIDS
Peter Jackson
(sometimes called the Ilakāni by Persian historians), a dynasty of Mongol origin which ruled over Iraq, and for several decades also over north-western Persia, from the collapse of the Il-khanate in the late 1330s until the early 15th century.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
JALIL, RAHIM
K. Hitchins
Soviet Tajik writer (1909-1989), a master of the short story.
-
JALILAVAND
Pierre Oberling
a small Laki-speaking tribe inhabiting the Kermānšāh and Lorestān regions, most of whom belong to the Ahl-e Haqq sect.
-
JĀLINUS
Hormoz Ebrahimnejad
(Galen), the Arabic form of Greek Galenos, the name of the illustrious 2nd-century authority on medicine of ancient Greece.
-
JALULĀʾ
Klaus Klier
the site of a major battle between the Sasanian and Muslim forces. This locale is a medium-sized town in the Diāla Province of Iraq, situated on the middle course of the Diāla River.
-
JAM
M. Reza Fariborz Hamzeh’ee
name given to a religious ceremony performed among two important religious communities living traditionally in the same historical region on the Zagros Mountain chain.
-
JĀM (1)
Majd-al-din Keyvani
a mountainous region on the way from Kabul to Herat, and a historically important village in the province of Ghur (Ḡur) in western Afghanistan.
-
JĀM (2)
Pending
“cup”: in Persian art and literature. Pending online.
-
JĀM MINARET
F. B. Flood
pre-eminent 12th-century monument of the Šansabāni sultans of Ḡur in central Afghanistan. The minaret stands 65 meters high near the confluence of the Harirud and Jāmrud rivers in a remote mountain valley once protected by a series of defensive towers.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
JAM, MAḤMUD
Ali Sadeghi
(1885-1969), titled Modir-al-Molk, prime minister under Reżā Shah.