Table of Contents

  • HATRA

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    (Ḥaṭrā; Ar. Ḥażr), a strongly fortified city in Upper Mesopotamia (today northern Iraq), situated at lat 35°40′ N, long 42°45′ E in the midst of the desert steppe of the northern Jazīra.

  • HAUG, MARTIN

    Almut Hintze

    (1827-1876) Oriental scholar and one of the founders of Iranian studies. His contributions to Old and Middle Iranian studies remained influential well into the twentieth century.

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  • HAUMAVARGĀ

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    a term distinguishing one of the three groups of Sakā tribes, Sakā haumavargā, in some of the lists of the peoples in the Achaemenid royal inscriptions.

  • HAURVATĀT

    cross-reference

    See HORDĀD; AMƎŠA SPƎNTA.

  • ḤĀWI, AL-

    Lutz Richter-Bernburg

    (i.e., al-Ketāb al-ḥāwi fi’l-ṭebb “Comprehensive book on medicine”), the title of a major Arabic work on medicine in twenty-five volumes by Abu Bakr Moḥammad.

  • HAWK

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀZ.

  • HAWRAMAN

    cross-reference

    See AVROMAN.

  • ḤAWZA-YE ʿELMIYA

    Cross-Reference

    See IRAQ xi. SHIʿITE SEMINARIES IN IRAQ.

  • HAXAMĀNIŠ

    cross-reference

    See ACHAEMENES.

  • ḤAYĀT-DĀWUDI

    Pierre Oberling

    a sedentary Lor tribe dwelling in the dehestān of Ḥayāt-dāwūd, stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Māhur-e Mīlāti mountains, northwest of Bušehr.

  • HAYĀṬELA

    cross-reference

    See HEPHTHALITES.

  • HAYʾATHĀ-YE MOʾTALEFA-YE ESLĀMI

    Cross-Reference

    See JAMʿIYATHĀ-YE MOʾTALEFA-YE ESLĀMI.

  • ḤAYĀTI TABRIZI, QĀSEM BEG

    Kioumars Ghereghlou

    16th-century Persian historian, whose chronicle, Tāriḵ, spans the period between Shaikh Ṣafi-al-Din Esḥāq Ardabili and Shah Esmāʿil I.

  • ḤAYĀTI, ABDÜLHAY

    Tahsin Yazici

    or ʿAbd-al-Ḥayy, 15th century poet who wrote a series of Turkish poems modeled on Neẓāmi’s Ḵamsa.

  • ḤAYDAR ʿALI EṢFAHĀNI, Ḥājji Mirzā

    Moojan Momen

    (b. Isfahan, ca. 1830; d. Haifa, 1920), Bahāʾi polemicist.

  • ḤAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI

    Alireza Sheikholeslami

    (1880-1921), revolutionary activist who used terror to radicalize Persian politics in the early 20th century. Forced to leave Persia in 1911, he was sent back by the Bolsheviks to settle the conflict between the Jangalis and the Communist Party of Persia in Gilān. 

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  • ḤAYDAR MIRZĀ ṢAFAVI

    Michel M. Mazzaoui

    Safavid prince who considered himself to be the chosen successor of his father, Shah Ṭahmāsb, but was killed immediately after the latter’s death on 14 May 1576.

  • ḤAYDAR ṢAFAVI

    Kioumars Ghereghlou

    (ca. 1459-88), spiritual leader of the Ṣafaviya Sufi order and father of Shah Esmāʿil I, the founder of the Safavid dynasty.

  • ḤAYDAR, Mir

    Cross-Reference

    See MANGHITS.

  • ḤAYDARI and NEʿMATI

    John R. Perry

    (also Amir-Ḥaydari; Neʿmat-Allāhi), mutually hostile urban moieties of Safavid and post-Safavid Iran.