Table of Contents

• BOḤŪR AL-ALḤĀN

  Taqī Bīneš, Jean During

  (Meters of melodies), a treatise on Persian music and prosody by Sayyed Mīrzā Moḥammad-Naṣīr Forṣat Šīrāzī (1855-1920).

• BOIR AḤMADĪ

  Reinhold Loeffler, Gernot L. Windfuhr

  the largest of the six tribal groups of Kūhgīlūya, inhabiting the mountainous territory from east of Behbahān and north of Dogonbadān to the Kūh-e Denā range in the northeast, an area of some 2,500 sq miles.

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• BOJNŪRD

  Eckart Ehlers, C. Edmund Bosworth

  a town and district in Khorasan. i. The town and district. ii. History. The town (1976: 47,719 inhabitants; lat  37°29’ N, long 57°17’ E)  is situated at the foot of the Ālādāḡ.

• BOḴĀRĀ

  cross-reference

  See BUKHARA.

• BOḴĀRĀ-YE ŠARĪF

  Michael Zand

  “Boḵārā the noble,” the first Central Asian newspaper published in Persian, 1912 to 1913.

• BOḴĀRĪ, ʿABD-AL-KARĪM

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿABD-AL-­KARĪM BOḴĀRĪ.

• BOḴĀRĪ, ʿALĀʾ-AL-DĪN

  Wilferd Madelung

  ABŪ ʿABD-ALLĀH MOḤAMMAD b. ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad, Hanafite scholar of feqh, legal method, kalām theology, and preacher and moftī in Bukhara (d. 1151).

• BOḴĀRĪ, ʿALĀʾ-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD

  Hamid Algar

  b. Moḥammad (d. 1400), close associate and primary successor of Bahāʾ-al-Dīn Naqš­band, the eponym of the Naqšbandī Sufi order.

• BOḴĀRĪ, AMĪR AḤMAD

  Hamid Algar

  (d. 1516), a Sufi instrumental in establishing the Naqšbandī order in Turkey.

• BOḴĀRĪ, JALĀL-AL-DĪN

  Richard M. Eaton

  , SHAIKH, popularly known as Maḵdūm-e Jahānīān and Jahāngašt, a celebrated Indo-Persian Sufi of Uch in the southern Punjab (1308-84).

• BOḴĀRĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ŠARĪF

  Robert D. McChesney

  , ĀḴŪND MOLLĀ, also known as Šarīf-e Boḵārī and Mollā Šarīf, the leading Koran exegete and traditionist in Transoxiana (late 17th century).

• BOKĀVOL

  David O. Morgan

  (büke’ül), a term used in the Il-khanid period and after for a royal food taster or, later and more commonly, a military commissariat officer.

• BOKAYR B. MĀHĀN

  ʿAbbās Zaryāb

  MARVAZĪ, ABŪ HĀŠEM (d. 745-46), a leading ʿAbbasid propagandist (dāʿī).

• BOḴT-ARDAŠĪR

  Jes P. Asmussen

  name of a town (Mid. Pers. rōstāg) that Ardašīr I is said to have founded as an expression of his gratitude to God during his flight from the court of the last Parthian king, Ardawān.

• BOḴT-NARSA

  cross-reference

  See NEBUCHADNEZZAR.

• BOḴTĪŠŪʿ

  Lutz Richter-Bernburg

  the name of the eponymous ancestor of a Syro-Persian Nestorian family of physicians from Gondēšāpūr, Ḵūzestān, 8th-11th centuries, and of several of its members.

• BOLANDMĀZŪ

  cross-reference

  See BALŪṬ.

• BOLBOL “nightingale”

  Hūšang Aʿlam, Jerome W. Clinton

  “nightingale.” i. The bird. ii. In Persian literature. The term bolbol is applied to at least three species of the genus Luscinia (fam. Turdidae). To Persian poets, however, all refer to a single bird, characterized by its sweet  or plaintive song, supposedly sung for its beloved, the rose.

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• BOLBOL, AŠRAF DAYRĪ

  Giri L. Tikku

  Persian poet of Kashmir (1682-1775-6).

• BOLOD

  Bertold Spuler

  CHʿENG-HSIANG (Pers. Pūlād Čīnksāng; d. 1313), the representative of the Great Khan Qubilai at the court of the Il-khans of Iran.

• BOLOḠĀN ḴĀTŪN

  Charles Melville

  (Būlūḡān Ḵātūn), the name of three of the royal wives of the Mongol Il-khans in Iran. Of Mongol origin, the word Boloḡān, variously spelled in the Persian sources, means “sable.”

• BOLŪḠ

  cross-reference

  See BĀLEḠ.

• BOLŪR

  cross-reference

  (Ar. ballūr, bellawr) “rock crystal.” See CRYSTAL.

• BOMBAY

  John R. Hinnells, Momin Mohiuddin and Ismail K. Poonawala

  Persian communities of Bombay.

• BOMBAY PARSI PANCHAYAT

  John R. Hinnells

  the largest Zoroastrian institution in modern history, originally founded in the 17th century in order to maintain Zoroastrian family and social values at a time of dramatic change, when Parsis were migrating from rural Gujarat to cosmopolitan Bombay.

• BONDĀR RĀZĪ

  Zabihollah Safa

  (or Pendār), poet in the 10th-11th centuries, named as the author of a small number of surviving poems, some in literary (Darī) Persian, others in his local dialect.

• BONDĀRĪ, FATḤ B. ʿALĪ

  Cross-Reference

  b. Moḥammad EṢFAHĀNĪ. See SUPPLEMENT.

• BONGĀH-E ḤEMĀYAT-E MĀDARĀN O KŪDAKĀN

  EIr

  (Institute for the protection of mothers and infants), founded 16 December 1940 on the order of Reżā Shah, originally funded by charitable contributions.

• BONGĀH-E MOSTAQELL-E ĀBYĀRĪ

  EIr

  (Inde­pendent irrigation agency), established by the Majles on 19 May 1943 to improve irrigation in Iran.

• BONGĀH-E TARJOMA WA NAŠR-E KETĀB

  Edward Joseph

  “The [Royal] Institute for Translation and Publication,” founded 1953, since 1986 called the Scientific and Cultural Publication Company (Šerkat-e Entešārāt-e ʿElmī wa Farhangī).

• BONĪČA

  Willem Floor

  a tax assessed on a group as a single unit and particularly the base on which the tax was calculated—in Iran: a tax on guilds, an agricultural tax on villages and tribes, and a military tax on villages.

• BONYĀD-E FARHANG-E ĪRĀN

  Aḥmad Tafażżolī

  The "Iranian Culture Foundation" was established 16 September 1964.

• BONYĀD-E MOSTAŻʿAFĀN

  cross-reference

  See MOSTAZ­AFAN FOUNDATION.

• BONYĀD-E PAHLAVĪ

  cross-reference

  See PAHLAVI FOUNDATION.

• BONYĀD-E ŠĀH-NĀMA-YE FERDOWSĪ

  Aḥmad Tafażżolī

  a research institute, 1971-78,  intended for preparation of a new critical edition of the Šāh-nāma.

• BONYĀD-E ŠAHĪD

  EIr

  (Martyrs’ Foundation), a non-profit organization established on 12 March 1980 by order of Imam Ḵomeynī, to care for the veterans of the revolution and the dependents of those who had died in it.

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• BOOK OF ZAMBASTA

  Ronald E. Emmerick

  a Khotanese poem on Buddhism. It is the longest indigenous literary compo­sition in the Khotanese language and played a crucial role in the decipherment of the Khotanese language.

• BOOKBINDING (article 1)

  Duncan Haldane

  (tajlīd, ṣaḥḥāfī) in Iran at first followed the pattern of previous Near Eastern book covers, but subsequently Persian craftsmen developed new types.

• BOOKBINDING (article 2)

  Iraj Afshar

  (ṣaḥḥāfi, jeld-sāzi), the traditional craft of binding new books and decorating the cover with embossed or painted designs, or of repairing worn out volumes by restoring their cover.

• BOQʿA

  Hamid Algar

  the mausoleum of a sacred or revered personage, sometimes taken to include additional structures adjoining the tomb or the open space surrounding it.

• BORAGE

  cross-reference

  See GĀV-ZABĀN.

• BŌRĀN

  Marie Louise Chaumont

  (Pers. Pōrān, Pūrān), Sasanian queen ca. 630-31, daughter of Ḵosrow II (r. 590, 591-628). There are extant coins of Bōrān dated from the first, second, and third years of her reign.

• BORĀQ

  Bertold Spuler

  ruler of the Chaghatay khanate in Transoxiana (1266-71), a great-grandson of Jengiz Khan and a son of Yesün-Toʾa.

• BORĀQ, ḤĀJEB

  cross-reference

  See QOṬLOQḴĀNĪYA (Kermān).

• BORĀZJĀN

  ʿAlī-Akbar Saʿīdī Sīrjānī

  town and county (šahrestān) in Bushehr Province in southern Iran. The present town came into being in the late 12th/18th century.

• BORHĀN BALḴĪ

  Zabihollah Safa

  , BORHĀN-AL-DĪN MOẒAFFAR b. Šams b. ʿAlī b. Ḥamīd-al-Dīn, a poet of the 14th century from Balḵ. He was descended from Ebrāhīm b. Adham, the renowned Iranian Sufi of the 2nd/8th century. 

• BORHĀN NAFĪS

  Zabihollah Safa

  : BORHĀN-AL-DĪN NAFĪS b. ʿEważ b. Ḥakīm Kermānī, a physician of great renown in the 15th century.

• BORHĀN, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN

  cross-reference

  See BORHĀN-E QĀṬEʿ.

• BORHĀN-AL-DĪN MOḤAQQEQ TERMEḎĪ

  cross-reference

  See MOḤAQQEQ TERMEḎĪ.

• BORHĀN-AL-DĪN NASAFĪ

  Wilferd Madelung

  , ABU’L-FAŻĀʾEL MOḤAMMAD b. Moḥammad b. Moḥammad b. ʿAbd-Allāh (d. 1288), Hanafite theologian, logician, and expert on legal points of disagreement (ḵelāf) and dialectic (jadal).