Table of Contents

• SEFIDRUD

  Cross-Reference

  See Safidrud.

• SEMINO, Barthélémy

  Shireen Mahdavi

  French general, engineer, and linguist in the service of the Qajars in Persia.

• SEPEHRI, Sohrab

  Houman Sarshar

  (1928-1980), notable Iranian poet and painter.

• SERĀJ AL-AḴBĀR-E AFḠĀNIYA

  May Schinasi

  “Torch of the news of Afghanistan,” bi-monthly Persian language newspaper published in Kabul during the second decade of the reign of Amir Ḥabib-Allāh (r. 1901-19).

• ŠERVĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  (ŠIRVĀN, ŠARVĀN), a region of Eastern Transcaucasia, known by this name in both early Islamic and more recent times, and now (since 1994) substantially within the independent Azerbaijan Republic.

• ŠERVĀNŠAHS

  C. E. Bosworth

  (Šarvānšāhs), the various lines of rulers, originally Arab in ethnos but speedily Persianized within their culturally Persian environment, who ruled in the eastern Caucasian region of Šervān from mid-ʿAbbasid times until the age of the Safavids.

• SEVRUGUIN, ANTOIN

  Aphrodite Désirée Navab

  Armenian–Iranian photographer (b. Tehran, late 1830s; d. Tehran, 1933). Sevruguin’s reputation as a portrait photographer soon came to the attention of Nāṣer-al-Din Shah (r. 1848-1896), who appointed him as one of the official court photographers. Of the more than 7,000 glass-plate negatives that Sevruguin made, only 696 have survived.

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• Šeydā

  Margaret Caton

  the pen name of Mirzā ʿAli-Akbar Širāzi (b. Shiraz, 1259/1843; d. Tehran at the Ṣafi ʿAlišāh ḵānaqāh, 1324/1906), a Persian musician regarded as the most important composer of the lyrical popular song (taṣnif) in the late Qajar period.

• SHADDADIDS

  Andrew Peacock

  Caucasian dynasty of Kurdish origin reigning from about 950 until 1200, first in Dvin and Ganja, later in Ani.

• SHADMAN, Sayyed Fakhr-al-Din

  Ali Gheissari

  (1907-1967), cultural critic and writer of fiction, professor of history, civil servant, and cabinet minister.

• SHAH ABBAS I

  Cross-Reference

  Safavid king of Iran (996-1038/1588-1629). Styled "Shah ʿAbbās the Great," he was the third son and successor of Solṭān Moḥammad Shah. See ʿABBĀS I.

• SHAHBAZ, Hasan

  Ḡafur Mirzāʾi

  (1921-2007), writer, journalist, and translator, who founded the Los-Angeles-based quarterly Rahavard.

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• SHAHID SALESS, Sohrab

  Pardis Minuchehr

  Iranian cinematographer and award-winning filmmaker.

• SHAHSEVAN

  Richard Tapper

  (Šāhsevan), name of a number of tribal groups in various parts of northwestern Iran, notably in the Moḡān and Ardabil districts of eastern Azerbaijan and in the Ḵaraqān and Ḵamsa districts between Zanjān and Qazvin.

• SHAMANISM

  Philippe Gignoux

  AND ITS CONNECTION TO IRAN. Archeological and ethnological sources in Iran do not lead to confirmation of the existence of shamanic practices there, whether ancient or modern. Yet some scholars have tried to find traces of them.

• SHAPUR

  Multiple Authors

  Three Sasanian king of kings and a number of notables of the Sasanian and later periods were called “Shapur.”

• SHAPUR I i. History

  Shapur Shahbazi

  second Sasanian king of kings (r. 239-70), and author of several rock-reliefs and the trilingual inscription on the walls of the so-called Kaʿba-ye Zardošt.

• SHAPUR I ii. The Great Statue

  G. R. GAROSI

  the great statue of Shapur (Šāpūr) I stands in the so-called cave of Shapur, a huge limestone cave in southern Iran, about 6 km from the ancient city of Bišāpur.

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• SHAPUR II

  Touraj Daryaee

  (r. 309-79 CE), longest reigning monarch of the Sasanian dynasty.

• SHATT AL-ARAB

  D. T. Potts

  (ŠAṬṬ AL-ʿARAB), combined effluent of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.