Table of Contents

• SHEEP

  Cross-Reference

  See GUSFAND.

• SHIELD in Eastern Iran

  Boris A. Litvinsky

  In Lurestan, a round bronze shield was found, which has a skirting along the edge, an umbo in the center, and relief depictions of fantastic creatures.

• SHIʿITE DOCTRINE

  Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi

  Shiʿite doctrine is usually considered to be based on five principles. However, to articulate matters of faith in such a manner seems reductionist and late.

• SHIʿITE DOCTRINE ii. Hierarchy in the Imamiyya

  Rainer Brunner

  The distinction between believers and ulema (ʿolemāʾ “religious scholars”) is known to both Sunnites and Shiʿites, and forms the starting point for internal ranking systems among their ulema.

• SHIʿITE DOCTRINE iii. Imamite-Sunnite Relations since the Late 19th Century

  Rainer Brunner

  Since the 20th century, sectarian relations have reflected a growing number of attempts to reach, at least to some degree, an understanding and a rapprochement of each other’s views (taqrib, rarely taqārob).

• SHIʿITES IN ARABIA

  Werner Ende

  survey of the Arabian peninsula including Persian Gulf regions.

• SHIʿITES IN LEBANON

  Sabrina Mervin

  Shiʿites, that is, Muslims adhering to the Twelver (eṯnāʿašari) or Imamite persuasion of Shiʿism, form the single largest denominational community of Lebanon. Their number is estimated at 1.5 million.

• SHIR-E SHIAN

  Christopher P. Thornton

  (Šir-āšiān), a prehistoric site located 15 km southwest of Damghan in northeastern Iran.  

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• SHIRAZ i. HISTORY TO 1940

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  The city of Shiraz has been the capital of the province of Fārs since the Islamic conquest, succeeding Eṣṭaḵr of the Sasanian period and Persepolis of the Achaemenid days.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• SHIRVANLU, FIRUZ

  EIr

  (1938-1989), art critic, scholar, and artist, who played an instrumental role in the creation and management of several museums and cultural centers in the 1960s and 1970s.

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• SHOGHI EFFENDI

  Moojan Momen

  Šawqi Rabbāni (1897-1957), eldest grandson and successor of ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ as leader of the Bahai Faith (1921-57). Iranian Bahais usually refer to him as Ḥażrat-e Waliy-e Amrallāh, the title given to him by ʿAbd-al-Bahāʾ, usually translated as “the Guardian of the Cause of God, or simply “the Guardian.”

• SIĀH-QALAM

  Bernard O'Kane

  “black pen” (1) the genre of paintings or drawings done in pen and ink; (2) the painters of such drawings.

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• SIĀHKAL

  Marcel Bazin and Christian Bromberger

  small town and sub-provincial district (šahrestān) in the southeastern part of Gilān province.

• SIBERIAN ELM

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀZĀD.

• SĪH-RŌZAG

  Enrico G. Raffaelli

  a text of the Xorda Avesta comprising invocations to Zoroastrian divinities.

• SILK

  Cross-Reference

  Originally from China, silk has been known in Iran since ancient times. See ABRĪŠAM.

• SIMJURIDS

  Luke Treadwell

  a family of Turkish mamluks who over four generations, from the late 9th century to the Qarakhanid conquest (389/999), played a leading role in the Samanid state.

• SIMORḠ

  Hanns-Peter Schmidt

  (Persian), Sēnmurw (Pahlavi), Sīna-Mrū (Pāzand), a fabulous, mythical bird. The name derives from Avestan mərəγō saēnō ‘the bird Saēna’, originally a raptor, either eagle or falcon, as can be deduced from the etymologically identical Sanskrit śyená.

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• SINDHI

  Christopher Shackle

  A language of the Indo-Aryan family. Many of its numerous distinctive features may be attributed to the isolated position in the lower Indus valley of Sindh.

• SINEMĀ WA NEMĀYEŠĀT

  Nassereddin Parvin

  the first Persian magazine entirely devoted to cinematography (1930).