Table of Contents

• SOUTHEAST ASIA i. PERSIAN PRESENCE IN

  M. Ismail Marcinkowski

  Attention will be given to some of the most striking features of the Persian influences on Southeast Asian Islamic culture.

• SOUTHEAST ASIA ii. SHIʿITES IN

  M. Ismail Marchinkowski

  Along with Sufism, Shiʿite elements too entered Malay-Indonesian Islam, certainly by way of southern India, where it was well represented.

• SPĀHBED

  Rika Gyselen

   Sasanian title that denoted a high military rank and meant  ‘chief of an army, general.’

• SPEAR

  Boris A. Litvinsky

  (Av. aršti- ‘spear,’ OPers. aršti ‘throwing weapon’ or ‘javelin’) is mentioned in the Avesta several times.

• SPIEGEL, FRIEDRICH (VON)

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (1820 -1905), German orientalist and scholar of Iranian studies.

• SPULER, Bertold

  Werner Ende, Bert Fragner, Dagmar Riedel

  (1911-1990), German scholar of East European history and Oriental studies.

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• STAMPS

  Cross-Reference

  see PHILATELY. 

• STANZAIC POETRY

  Gabrielle van den Berg

  Stanzaic verse forms have been part of the corpus of classical Persian poetry from the early stage onwards and have continued to play a role until modern times.  Though the quantity of stanzaic poetry in Persian literature is modest in comparison to other verse forms, a few examples of this genre have obtained widespread fame and an iconic value in Persian culture and society.

• STARK, FREYA Madeline

  Malise Ruthven

  British travel-writer.  Her 1934 book The Valley of the Assassins and Other Persian Travels belongs to the canon of English travel literature.

• STEEL INDUSTRY IN IRAN

  Willem Floor

   In 1927, plans were drawn up to establish smelting works in the north of the country to produce rail tracks domestically.

• STEIN, (Marc) Aurel

  Susan Whitfield

  , Sir, Hungarian–British archeologist and explorer (b. Pest, Hungary, 26 November 1862; d. Kabul, 28 October 1943).

• STOREY, Charles Ambrose

  Yuri Bregel

  British orientalist, author of the bio-bibliographical survey of Persian literature (1888-1968).

• STUCCO DECORATION

  Jens Kröger

  IN IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE. This entry focuses on the Parthian and Sasanian periods and hints at the continuity in the Islamic period.

• SŪDGAR NASK and WARŠTMĀNSR NASK

  Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw Vevaina

  the first and second of three commentaries on the Old Avesta, extant in a Pahlavi resume in book nine of the Dēnkard, the third being the Bag nask.

• SUGAR

  Willem Floor

  Cultivation, manufacturing, and processing in Iran. Sugar was already known in Sasanian Persia around 460 CE.

• SUSA i. EXCAVATIONS

  Hermann Gasche

  The excavations of ancient Susa, whose ruins document more than 5,000 years of settlement, themselves have a long history.

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• SUSA ii. HISTORY DURING THE ELAMITE PERIOD

  François Vallat

  This span of almost two thousand years has been divided into three clearly defined phases called paleo-, meso-, and neo-Elamite, each of which presents peculiarities of its own.

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• SUSA iii. THE ACHAEMENID PERIOD

  Remy Boucharlat

  The history of Persia before Cyrus and at the beginning of his reign indicate that Persian elements were present in the plain not far from Susa in the first decades of the 6th century.

• SUSA iv. THE SASANIAN PERIOD

  G. Gropp

  The satrap of Susa (Šuš) had been loyal to the Parthian king Artabanus V, and the city was forcibly conquered by Ardašir (qq.v.) in 224 after his victory over King Šād-Šāpur of Isfahan.

• SUVASHUN

  Masʿud Jaʿfari Jazi

  (Suvašun 1969, tr. M. R. Ghanoonparvar, Savushun, A Novel About Modern Iran, 1990; and Roxane Zand, A Persian Requiem, 1991), the most acclaimed novel of the prominent writer Simin Daneshvar.

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