Table of Contents
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 2)
Ehsan Yarshater
Formation of local dynasties. The Taherids (821-73). The first of these dynasties came into being when Ṭāher b. Ḥosayn was appointed the governor of Khorasan with full power.
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 3)
Ehsan Yarshater
The Saljuqids (1040-1194). The plains of Central Asia, northwestern China, and western Siberia were breeding grounds for nomadic people, who kept multiplying and searching for new pastures.
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 4)
Ehsan Yarshater
The Safavids (1501-1722). The advent of the Safavids constitutes one of the major turning points in Persian history.
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 5)
Ehsan Yarshater
The Qajar dynasty (1779-1924). The Qajar were a Turkmen tribe who first settled during the Mongol period in the vicinity of Armenia and were among the seven Qezelbāš tribes that supported the Safavids.
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period (page 6)
Ehsan Yarshater
Moḥammad Reza Shah (1941-79). The long history of Russian and British interventions in Persian affairs had fostered widespread resentment against the two great powers.
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (3) Chronological Table
Ehsan Yarshater
A chronological table of events. This records major happenings of Iranian pre-history and history from the most ancient times to 2005.
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IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (4) Index of Proper Names
Ehsan Yarshater
Index of proper names that occur in the chronological table.
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IRAN iii. TRADITIONAL HISTORY
Ehsan Yarshater
Before assimilating the results of European research on Persian history, the Iranians were in possession of a historical tradition that combined a mixture of myth, legend, and factual history.
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IRAN iv. MYTHS AND LEGENDS
John R. Hinnells
In the study of religion, myths are seen as narratives which encapsulate fundamental truths about the nature of existence, god(s), God(s), the universe. They explain the origin of the world or of a tribe or of a ritual.
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IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey
R. N. Frye
The term “Iranian” may be understood in two ways. It is, first of all, a linguistic classification, intended to designate any society which inherited or adopted, and transmitted, an Iranian language.
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IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic
C. J. Brunner
This survey focuses on the early phase of the Iranian-speaking peoples’ presence on the plateau, during the early state-building phase.
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IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (3). Islamic Period
cross-reference
See Supplement.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The term “Iranian language” is applied to any language which is descended from a proto-Iranian parent language (unattested by texts) spoken, presumably, in Central Asia in the late 3rd to early 2nd millennium BCE.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (1) Earliest Evidence
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The Indo-Aryan and Iranian tribes separated about 2000 BCE., but attempts to correlate the proto-Indo-Iranians with archeological sites are all problematic.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Documentation
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Iranian languages are known from roughly three periods, commonly termed Old, Middle, and New (Modern).
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (3) Writing Systems
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Writing systems for Iranian languages include cuneiform (Old Persian); scripts descended from “imperial” Aramaic, two Syriac scripts, Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Cyrillic, Georgian, and Latin.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (4) Origins Of The Iranian Languages
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
General historical surveys of the Iranian languages.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (5) Indo-Iranian
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Several important linguistic changes took place between Indo-European and Indo-Iranian, the reconstructed common ancestor of Iranian and Indian.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (6) Old Iranian Languages
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Proto-Iranian split into at least four distinct dialect groups, characterized, among other things, by the typical developments of the palatal affricates and the groups.
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IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (1) Overview
Gernot Windfuhr
This entry will discuss the non-Iranian languages spoken in Iran in the course of its history as the result of various peoples settling in parts of Iran and interacting with Iranian-speaking peoples.
This Article Has Images/Tables.