Table of Contents
-
INDO-IRANIAN LANGUAGES
cross-reference
-
INDO-IRANIAN RELIGION
Gherardo Gnoli
Indo-Iranian comparative studies enable us to distinguish a fund of religious concepts, beliefs, and practices that are common to ancient Iran and ancient India.
-
INDO-PARTHIAN DYNASTY
Christine Fröhlich
While maritime disturbances were known to have driven merchants to use the caravan routes, during the periods of Mughal-Safavid rivalry over Kandahar merchants would temporarily favor the more predictable maritime routes.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
INDO-PERSIAN LITERATURE
Cross-Reference
For Indo-Persian poetry and other literature, see INDIA xiv. Persian Literature.
-
INDO-SCYTHIAN DYNASTY
R. C. Senior
from Maues, the first (Indo-)Scythian king of India (ca. 120-85 BCE) to the mid-1st century CE. When precisely Maues arrived in India is uncertain, but the expulsion of the Scythian (Saka/Sai) peoples from Central Asia is referred to in the Han Shu.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
INDRA
W. W. Malandra
the name of a minor demon (daēwa) in the Avesta, In sharp contrast to the Indra of the Ṛgveda [RV], the most celebrated god (devá) of the Vedic pantheon.
-
INDUS RIVER
cross-reference
See INDIA ii.
-
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Multiple Authors
: the foundation and development of modern industries in 20th-century Iran. Although generally characterized as an oil economy, Iran has a relatively rich history of industrialization going back to the early 20th century.
-
INDUSTRIALIZATION i. The Reza Shah Period And Its Aftermath, 1925-53
Hassan Hakimian
Archaic and underdeveloped infrastructure as well as a low level of human resources were limiting factors; however, changes after the 1920s, paved the way for the emergence of Iran’s nascent industrial sector from the 1930s onwards.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
INDUSTRIALIZATION ii. The Mohammad Reza Shah Period, 1953-79
M. Karshenas and H. Hakimian
Public sector investment in this period started from a very slender base but soon witnessed an annual growth rate of 25 percent in real terms; more than 68 percent of government investment went into economic infrastructure.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
INDUSTRIALIZATION iii. The Post-Revolutionary Period, 1979-2000
Parvin Alizadeh
Available evidence indicates that the share of the manufacturing sector in the economy declined after the Revolution; it was around 19-20 percent of non-oil GDP by 1977 but dropped to about 15 percent by 1990.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
INDUSTRY, TRADITIONAL
cross-reference
See CRAFTS.
-
INFLUENZA
A. A. Afkhami
In Persia, the first established evidence of influenza’s visitation dates back to the summer of 1833, when it erupted with great virulence in Tehran.
-
INHERITANCE
Multiple Authors
i. Sasanian period. ii. Islamic period.
-
INHERITANCE i. SASANIAN PERIOD
Maria Macuch
Our main source on jurisprudence during the Sasanian period is the Lawbook Hazār dādestān “One Thousand Judgements” of the 7th century.
-
INHERITANCE ii. ISLAMIC PERIOD
Agostino Cilardo
In the pre-Islamic period, the Arab family was socially and politically composed of males (ʿaṣaba), namely those who were able to fight and defend the common property.
-
INJU
Cross-Reference
See ḴĀLEṢA.
-
INJU DYNASTY
John Limbert
(ca. 1325-53), one of the minor dynasties that controlled Persia following the collapse of the Il-Khanid state.
-
INOSTRANTSEV, KONSTANTIN ALEXANDROVICH
Aliy I. Kolesnikov
(1876-1941), Russian orientalist and historian of culture, best known abroad as the author of Sasanidskie et’udy (Etudes sassanides).
-
INSCRIPTIONS
cross-reference
See EPIGRAPHY.