Table of Contents

  • INDO-IRANIAN LANGUAGES

    cross-reference

    See IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS.

  • INDO-IRANIAN RELIGION

    Gherardo Gnoli

    Indo-Iranian comparative studies enable us to distinguish a fund of religious concepts, beliefs, and practices that are common to ancient Iran and ancient India.

  • INDO-PARTHIAN DYNASTY

    Christine Fröhlich

    While maritime disturbances were known to have driven merchants to use the caravan routes, during the periods of Mughal-Safavid rivalry over Kandahar merchants would temporarily favor the more predictable maritime routes.

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  • INDO-PERSIAN LITERATURE

    Cross-Reference

    For Indo-Persian poetry and other literature,  see INDIA xiv. Persian Literature.

  • INDO-SCYTHIAN DYNASTY

    R. C. Senior

    from Maues, the first (Indo-)Scythian king of India (ca. 120-85 BCE) to the mid-1st century CE. When precisely Maues arrived in India is uncertain, but the expulsion of the Scythian (Saka/Sai) peoples from Central Asia is referred to in the Han Shu.

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  • INDRA

    W. W. Malandra

    the name of a minor demon (daēwa) in the Avesta, In sharp contrast to the Indra of the Ṛgveda [RV], the most celebrated god (devá) of the Vedic pantheon.

  • INDUS RIVER

    cross-reference

    See INDIA ii.

  • INDUSTRIALIZATION

    Multiple Authors

    : the foundation and development of modern industries in 20th-century Iran. Although generally characterized as an oil economy, Iran has a relatively rich history of industrialization going back to the early 20th century.

  • INDUSTRIALIZATION i. The Reza Shah Period And Its Aftermath, 1925-53

    Hassan Hakimian

    Archaic and underdeveloped infrastructure as well as a low level of human resources were limiting factors; however, changes after the 1920s, paved the way for the emergence of Iran’s nascent industrial sector from the 1930s onwards.

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  • INDUSTRIALIZATION ii. The Mohammad Reza Shah Period, 1953-79

    M. Karshenas and H. Hakimian

    Public sector investment in this period started from a very slender base but soon witnessed an annual growth rate of 25 percent in real terms; more than 68 percent of government investment went into economic infrastructure.

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  • INDUSTRIALIZATION iii. The Post-Revolutionary Period, 1979-2000

    Parvin Alizadeh

    Available evidence indicates that the share of the manufacturing sector in the economy declined after the Revolution; it was around 19-20 percent of non-oil GDP by 1977 but dropped to about 15 percent by 1990. 

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  • INDUSTRY, TRADITIONAL

    cross-reference

    See CRAFTS.

  • INFLUENZA

    A. A. Afkhami

    In Persia, the first established evidence of influenza’s visitation dates back to the summer of 1833, when it erupted with great virulence in Tehran.

  • INHERITANCE

    Multiple Authors

    i. Sasanian period. ii. Islamic period.

  • INHERITANCE i. SASANIAN PERIOD

    Maria Macuch

    Our main source on jurisprudence during the Sasanian period is the Lawbook Hazār dādestān “One Thousand Judgements” of the 7th century.

  • INHERITANCE ii. ISLAMIC PERIOD

    Agostino Cilardo

    In the pre-Islamic period, the Arab family was socially and politically composed of males (ʿaṣaba), namely those who were able to fight and defend the common property.

  • INJU

    Cross-Reference

    See ḴĀLEṢA.

  • INJU DYNASTY

    John Limbert

    (ca. 1325-53), one of the minor dynasties that controlled Persia following the collapse of the Il-Khanid state.

  • INOSTRANTSEV, KONSTANTIN ALEXANDROVICH

    Aliy I. Kolesnikov

    (1876-1941), Russian orientalist and historian of culture, best known abroad as the author of Sasanidskie et’udy (Etudes sassanides).

  • INSCRIPTIONS

    cross-reference

    See EPIGRAPHY.