Table of Contents

• ḤOSAYNIYA

  Jean Calmard

  buildings specifically designed to serve as venues for Moḥarram ceremonies commemorating the martyrdom of Ḥosayn b. ʿAli.

• ḤOSAYNIYA-YE MOŠIR

  Jean Calmard

  a ḥosayniya  building in the Sang-e Siāh quarter of Shiraz, famous for its exquisite tile paintings.

• ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN MĀFI

  Cross-Reference

  See NEẒĀM-AL-SALṬANA MĀFI, ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN.

• ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN SARDĀR-E IRAVĀNI

  George A. Bournoutian

  important governor in the early Qajar period (b. ca. 1742, d. 1831).

• ḤOSAYNQOLI, ĀQĀ

  Ameneh Youssefzadeh

  noted tār player and teacher (1853-1916). His performances were considered both technically brilliant and artistically exquisite. The regularity and force of the down and up strokes (rāst and čap) of his plectrum were much admired. He used a five-string tār and disapproved of the addition of the sixth string.

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• ḤOSN O DEL

  Ḏabiḥ-Allāh Ṣafā

  an allegorical work by Fattāḥi Nišāburi (1404-46), one of the best examples of rhyming prose in the Timurid period.

• ḤOSN-E TAʿLIL

  Natalia Chalisova

  (lit. “beauty of rationale”), “fantastic etiology,” a rhetorical device among the figures of ʿelm-e badiʿ (the science of rhetorical embellishment).

• HOSSEIN, ANDRÉ

  Iraj Khademi

  French composer (1905-1983).

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• HOSTAGE CRISIS

  Mohsen M. Milani and EIr

  the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran by leftist Islamist students in 1979 with subsequent wide-ranging repercussions on Iran’s domestic politics as well as on U.S.-Iran relations.

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• HOTZ, ALBERT PAUL HERMAN

  Cyrus Ala’i

  a Dutch trader, collector of artifacts, and author on Iran (1855-1930).

• HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

  cross-reference

  See MAJLES.

• HOUSING IN IRAN

  Habibollah Zanjani

  This entry examines: (1) the growth of housing units during 1966-96; (2) housing policies adopted in various development plans and the results; (3) main characteristics of housing in Iran; and (4) investment in, and economics of, housing.

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• HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, ALBERT

  John D. Gurney

  , Sir, engineer and employee of the Persian government for over thirty years in the later 19th and early 20th centuries (1846-1916). For both the Persian government and the expatriate community, his importance reached far beyond any official position he held. Unlike many of the foreign advisers employed by successive Persian governments, he was both loyal and knowledgeable.

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• HOVEYDA, AMIR-ABBAS

  Abbas Milani

  (Amir ʿAbbās Hoveydā; 1919-1979), the longest serving prime minister in the modern history of Iran (1964-1975). His tenure  can be divided into two phases. In the 1960s, he was full of optimism and energy; in the 1970s he was characterized by cynicism, a clinging attachment to power and its perks, and an almost despondent air of resignation. What remained the same were his economic policies.

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• HUART, CLÉMENT

  Jean Calmard

  French orientalist (1854-1926), especially known as editor and translator of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish sources and prolific author of works covering many aspects of Oriental studies.

• HÜBSCHMANN, (JOHANN) HEINRICH

  Erich Kettenhofen and Rüdiger Schmitt

  eminent German scholar of Iranian and Armenian studies (1848-1908).

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• ḪUDIMIRI

  Inna Medvedskaya

  a peripheral district and city in Elam, mentioned only in the 7th century BCE, in the Assyrian sources during the reign of Ashurbanapal.

• HŪGAR

  cross-reference

  See ALBORZ.

• HŪITI

  cross-reference

  See AVESTAN PEOPLE.

• HUḴT

  Nassereddin Parvin

  monthly periodical published in Persian by Iranian Zoroastrians, 1950-84.