Table of Contents

• GĪLĀNŠĀH

  Cross-Reference

  See ONṢOR-AL-MAʿĀLĪ.

• GĪLĀS

  Cross-Reference

  See CHERRY.

• ḠILZĪ

  M. Jamil Hanifi

  or ḠALZĪ, one of three major Pashtun/Paxtun tribal confederations in Afghanistan.

• GINDAROS

  Erich Kettenhofen

  present-day Jendīres, a town in the ancient region of Cyrrhestike in Syria.

• GIŌNI

  Colin MacKinnon

  or Giāni; a Persian dialect of the Northern Lor type, spoken in the village of Giān/Giō, 12 km west of the city of Nehāvand.

• GISTĀN QARA

  Cross-Reference

  b. Jani Beg. See KISTĀN QARĀ b. Jani Beg.

• GISU-DARĀZ

  Richard M. Eaton

  or Gēsu-darāz (b. Delhi, 1321; d. Gulbarga, 1422), the popular title of Sayyed MOḤAMMAD b. Yusof Ḥosayni, the most important transmitter of Sufi traditions from North India to the Deccan plateau.

• GITI

  Nassereddin Parvin

  a leftist daily paper published from 24 June 1943 to December 1943 by Ḵalil Enqelāb Āḏar as the official organ of the Workers union.

• GIV, ROSTAM

  Farhang Mehr

  , Arbāb (b. Yazd, 1888; d. San Diego, Calif., 1980), Majles representative, senator, president of Anjoman-e Zardoštiān of Tehran, businessman, and philanthropist.

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• GIVA

  Jamshid Sadaqat-Kish

  a traditional footwear in Persia, mainly consisting of an upper part made of twined white cotton thread sewn up on the edges of a cloth and leather or rubber sole. The earliest known mention of the word giva is probably that in the Širāz-nāma (comp. ca. 1333) of Abu’l-ʿAbbās Zarkub Širāzi, where he mentions the bāzār-e giva-duzān (giva-makers’ market) of Shiraz.

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• GIYAN TEPE

  Ezat O. Negahban

  or GIĀN TAPPA, Žiān Tappa; a large archeological mound located in Lorestān province in western Persia, about 10 km southeast of Nehāvand and southwest of Giān village in the Ḵāva valley.

• GLACIERS

  Eckart Ehlers

  and ice fields in Persia. Due to Persia’s location in the very center of the arid dry belt, stretching from North Africa in the west to Central Asia in the east, and also due to its very specific topography, glaciers and/or permanent ice fields are restricted and concentrated in a very few locations.

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• GLADWIN, FRANCIS

  Parvin Loloi

  (d. ca. 1813), lexicographer and prolific translator of Persian literature into English.

• GLASS

  Jens Kröger

  Glass blowing was invented in the Syro-Palestinian region during the Parthian period in the mid-first century B.C.E. and quickly spread from there to neighboring regions. Production of glass was much more widely spread within the Sasanian empire; it also became in both shapes and types of decoration independent from Parthian prototypes.

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• GLASS INDUSTRY

  Willem Floor

  Glass making has been known and practiced in Iran for about 3,500 years. Until about 1930 local glass making was done in small craft workshops. The raw materials needed for glass production abound in Iran except for soda ash, but this input will also soon be entirely domestically produced.

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• GLYPTIC

  Cross-Reference

  See CYLINDER SEALS.

• GNOSTICISM

  Kurt Rudolph

  in Persia. The current academic term gnosticism or gnosis goes back to the early Christian period and has a heresiological background; its representatives were called Gnostics, meaning people who believed in specific “insights” and ways of behavior that deviated from the official church and its teachings and who disseminated their beliefs through their own writings.

• GOAT

  Cross-Reference

  See BOZ.

• GŌBADŠĀH

  D. N. Mackenzie

  the name of a mythical ruler first appearing in medieval Zoroastrianism.

• ḠOBĀRI, ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN

  Tahsİn Yazici

  b. ʿAbd-Allāh (d. 1566), Ottoman poet, calligrapher, and Sufi who wrote in both Turkish and Persian.