Table of Contents

  • ḠOLĀM

    Cross-Reference

    See Supplement; on ḡolāms as military slaves, see BARDA AND BARDA-DĀRĪ.

  • ḠOLĀM ʿABD-AL-QĀDER NAẒIR

    Cross-Reference

    author of Golestān-e nasab. See NAẒIR.

  • ḠOLĀM HAMADĀNI

    Cross-Reference

    author of Taḏkera-ye fārsi and other works. See MOṢḤAFI.

  • ḠOLĀM JILĀNI

    Cross-Reference

    poet and author of Dorr-e manẓum. See RAFʿAT.

  • ḠOLĀM SARVAR

    Arif Naushahi

    b. Mofti Ḡolām Moḥammad LĀHURI (b. Lahore, 1828; d. near Medina, 1890), historian, hagiographer, and poet in Persian and Urdu.

  • ḠOLĀM YAḤYĀ

    Cross-Reference

    See Supplement.

  • ḠOLĀM-ʿALI

    Cross-Reference

    See NAQŠBANDI ORDER.

  • ḠOLĀM-ʿALI KHAN, AMIR TUMĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿAZĪZ-AL-SOLṬĀN.

  • ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN KHAN ṢĀḤEB(-E) EḴTIĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See AMĪN-E ḴALWAT.

  • ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN KHAN SEPAHDĀR

    Cross-Reference

    provincial governor and minister of Nāṣer-al-Din Shah. See SEPAHDĀR.

  • ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN KHAN ṬABĀṬABĀʾI

    Arif Naushahi

    (b. Delhi, 1727-28, d. after 1781), Sayyed, secretary (monši) by profession, political intermediary, and author of a popular history of India called Siar al-motaʾaḵḵerin.

  • ḠOLĀM-REŻĀ ḴOŠNEVIS

    Maryam Ekhtiar

    Eṣfahāni, Mirzā (b. Tehran, 1829/30; d. Tehran, 1886/87), a calligrapher and epigraphist of late 19th-century Persia.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • ḠOLĀMĀN-E ḴAṢṢA-YE ŠARIFA

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿABBĀS I; BARDA and BARDADĀRĪ v.

  • ḠOLĀT

    Heinz Halm

    lit. "exaggerators," sing. ḡāli; an Arabic term originally used by Twelver Shiʿite (eṯnā ʿašariya) heresiographers to designate those dissidents who exaggerate the status of the Imams in an undue manner by attributing to them divine qualities.

  • GOLBADAN BĒGOM

    Munibur Rahman

    (ca. 1522/23-1603), daughter of Ẓahir-al-Din Moḥammad Bābor, founder of the Mughal dynasty in India, half sister of Bābor’s successor, Homāyun, and author of Homāyun-nāma, the account of the reign of Homāyun.

  • GOLČIN GILĀNI

    Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak and Homa Katouzian

    (b. Rašt, 1910; d. London, 1972), pen name of the poet MAJD-AL-DIN MIR-FAḴRĀʾI. Throughout the 1940s, Golčin sent his compositions to Persia for publication; many appeared in the literary journals of the period, such as Soḵan, Yaḡmā, Armaḡān, Foruḡ, Yādgār, and Jahān-e now.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • GOLČIN MAʿĀNI, AḤMAD

    Iraj Afshar

    (b. Tehran, 1916; d. Mašhad, 2000), literary scholar, bibliographer, and poet. He held various administrative and judicial posts in the Ministry of Justice (1934-59). His considerable knowledge of literary manuscripts was later put to good use when he was transferred to the Majles Library, where he catalogued the Persian and Arabic manuscripts.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • GOLD

    Jennifer C. Ross & James W. Allan

    Persia possesses a number of gold sources—in the northwest (Azerbaijan and Zanjān), near Kāšān at the western edge of the central plateau, and, according to Strabo, in Kermān. Gold sources in Afghanistan are located in Badaḵšān, which is also the source region for lapis lazuli. 

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • GOLDEN HORDE

    Peter Jackson

    name given to the Mongol Khanate ruled by the descendants of Joči (Juji; d. 1226-27), the eldest son of Čengiz (Genghis) Khan.

  • GOLDSMID, Major-General Sir Fredrick John

    Denis Wright

    (b. Milan, 1818; d. Hammersmith, England, 1909), British scholar, negotiator and arbitrator of Perso-Afghan boundary dispute.