Table of Contents

  • AFŻAL KHAN, AMIR MOḤAMMAD

    ʿA. Ḥabībī

    (1220-84/1814-67), governor of Balḵ and for a short time ruler of Afghanistan.

  • AFŻAL-AL-DĪN KĀŠĀNĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀBĀ AFŻAL.

  • AFŻAL-AL-DĪN KERMĀNĪ

    M. E. Bāstānī Pārīzī

    writer, poet, and physician of Kermān in the 6th and early 7th/12th and early 13th centuries.

  • AFŻAL-AL-DĪN TORKA

    R. Quiring-Zoche

    name of three figures from Isfahan.

  • AFŻAL-AL-MOLK KERMĀNI, ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN

    James M. Gustafson

    ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN (1862-1929), Persian historian, bureaucrat, and poet.

  • AFZARĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ABZARĪ, ḴᵛĀJA ʿAMĪD-AL-DĪN.

  • ĀḠĀ BOZORG TEHRĀNĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ĀQĀ BOZORG TEHRĀNĪ.

  • ĀḠĀ MOḤAMMAD KHAN QĀJĀR

    J. R. Perry

    (r. 1789-97), founder of the Qajar dynasty.

  • AḠĀČ ERĪ

    P. Oberling

    a tribe of mixed ethnic origin living in eastern Ḵūzestān.

  • ĀḠĀJĀRĪ

    J. Qāʾem-Maqāmī

    town in Ḵūzestān and district (bakš) in the county (šahrestān) of Behbahān, situated seventy-eight km to the northwest of the city of Behbahān.

  • ĀḠĀJĪ

    ʿA. Zaryāb

    title of a court official in the administrations of the Ghaznavids and Saljuqs.

  • ĀḠĀJĪ BOḴĀRĪ

    ʿA. Zaryāb

    Samanid amir and poet.

  • AḠĀNĪ, KETĀB AL-

    K. Abu-Deeb

    (“The Book of Songs”), the major work of Abu’l-Faraǰ Eṣfahānī (284-356/897-967).

  • ĀḠĀSĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ĀQĀSĪ.

  • AGATHANGELOS

    R. W. Thomson

    (Greek for “messenger of good news”), the supposed author of a History of the Armenians, which describes the conversion of King Trdat of Armenia to Christianity at the beginning of the 4th century CE.

  • AGATHIAS

    M.-L. Chaumont

    (b. 536/ 537-d. about 580), Byzantine historian. Among other matters, Agathias’s History treats the war which was fought between Justinian and Xusraw I (Chosroes) in Lazica in 552-56. The work contains much information of interest on the Persians in general and the Sasanians in particular.

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  • AGIARY

    Cross-Reference

    See ĀTAŠKADA.

  • ĀḠKAND

    R. Schnyder

    This ware was made by local workshops in the time of the Eldigüzids. Nothing indicates that the production survived the Mongol invasions of Azerbaijan, though similar pottery continued to be produced in the 7th/13th century in east Anatolia and north Syria.

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  • ĀḠOŠ VEHĀḎĀN

    A. Tafażżolī

    (Āḡoš son of Vehāḏ), king of Gīlān at the time of Kay Ḵosrow, the Kayanid king, and one of the commanders of his armies.

  • AGRA

    G. Hambly

    City and district center in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India, situated on the west bank of the river Jumna (Yamonā) approximately 125 miles south of Delhi.