Table of Contents

  • AḤMAD SOLṬĀN AFŠĀR

    R. M. Savory

    Qizilbāš amir in the Safavid service.  

  • AḤMAD TABRĪZĪ

    İ. Aka

    Persian poet (first half of the 8th/14th century).

  • AḤMAD TAKŪDĀR

    P. Jackson

    third il-khan of Iran (r. 680-83/1282-84), seventh son of Hülegü.

  • AḤMAD TŪNĪ

    J. van Ess

    Karrāmī theologian who lived about 400/1010.  

  • AḤMAD YĀDGĀR

    Hameed-ud-Din

    10th/16th century historian of the Afghans in India.

  • AḤMAD, NEẒĀM-AL-DIN

    Erika Glassen

    vizier and amir under the Timurids (d. 912/1507).

  • AḤMAD-E ʿABD-AL-ṢAMAD

    Cross-Reference

    See AḤMAD ŠĪRĀZĪ.

  • AḤMAD-E JĀM

    H. Moayyad

    a Conservative Sufi with unreserved loyalty to the Šarīʿa (1049 -1141).

  • AḤMAD-E ḴĀNI

    F. Shakely

    (1061-1119/1650-1707), a distinguished Kurdish poet, mystic, scholar, and intellectual who is regarded by some as the founder of Kurdish nationalism.

  • AHMADABAD

    L. A. Desai

    Major city of Gujarat state in western India and a former center of Persian culture.

  • AḤMADĀVAND

    P. Oberling

    a small, sedentary Kurdish tribe of western Iran.

  • AHMADNAGAR

    Z. A. Desai

    major city and province in the state of Maharashtra in western India, founded about 900/1495 by Malek Aḥmad Neẓām-al-molk, a Bahmanī governor, on the site where he had earlier won a battle against his sovereign’s forces.

  • AḤMADNAGARĪ, ʿABD-AL-NABĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿABD-AL-NABĪ.

  • AḤMADPURĪ, GOL MOḤAMMAD

    K. A. Nizami

    (d. 1243/1827), a Panjabi saint and Češtī hagiographer.

  • AḤMADZĪ

    C. M. Kieffer

    “descendants of Aḥmad” (sing. Aḥmadzay), a Paṧtō clan and tribal name.

  • AḤRĀR

    C. E. Bosworth

    (or BANU’L-AḤRĀR), in Arabic literally “the free ones,” a name applied by the Arabs at the time of the Islamic conquests to their Persian foes in Iraq and Iran.

  • AḤRĀR, ḴᵛĀJA ʿOBAYDALLĀH

    J. M. Rogers

    (806-96/1404-90), influential Naqšbandī of Transoxania.

  • AHRIMAN

    J. Duchesne-Guillemin

    "demon," God’s adversary in the Zoroastrian religion.

  • AHRIŠWANG

    B. Schlerath

    a learned transcription of the Avestan nominative Ašiš vaŋuhī, the goddess “Good Recompense.”

  • AḤSĀʾĪ, SHAIKH AḤMAD

    D. M. MacEoin

    (1753-1826), Shiʿite ʿālem and philosopher and unintending originator of the Šayḵī school of Shiʿism in Iran and Iraq.