Untitled Document
H ENTRIES: CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
online entry |
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Figure 1. The tomb of Ḥabaquq, after Sotuda, p. 6190. |
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Figure 1. Ḥabib Eṣfahāni. Courtesy of the author. |
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Figure 1. A seated courtier with his pet falcon, courtesy of The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, MS M. 386, f. 1. |
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Figure 1. Statue of Hādi Sabzavāri, after Amin. |
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Figure 1. Denarius coin of Hadrian. Obverse: bust of the emperor; inscription: IMP[erator] CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANUS AUG[ustus]. Reverse: seated goddess, identified with inscription SALAVG as Salus Augusti “Welfare of the Emperor”; inscription: PM TRP COS III (pontifex maximus, tribunitia potestas, consul tertium "chief priest, the tribunal power, consul third time”). (Courtesy of C. J. Brunner) |
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Figure 1. Shaikh ʿabd-al-Karim Ḥāʾeri. |
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Figure 1. Frontispiece of a lithograph edition of Hafez’s Divān, ed. Moḥammad Qodsi Ḥosayni, Bombay, 1322/1904. |
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Plate I. Garden scene, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Mss. or Suppl. Persan 1425, fol. 19b, after Richard, p. 86. |
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HAFEZ xii. Hafez and the Visual Arts |
Plate II. Cast brass jug (mašraba) made by Ḥabib-Allāh b. ʿAli Bahārjāni, Khorasan, 866/1461-61, London, Victoria and Albert Museum, no. 943-1886, after Melikian-Chirvani, p. 249. |
HAFEZ xii. Hafez and the Visual Arts |
Plate III. Celebration of ʿid, by Sultan Moḥammad, Tabriz, ca. 1527, after Soudavar, p. 160. |
HAFEZ xii. Hafez and the Visual Arts |
Plate IV. Celebrants at a tavern, Paris, Mss. or Suppl. Persan 1477, Hafiz, Divan, fol. 40, after Richard, p. 196. |
Plate I. Ḥāfeẓiya in the early 20th century, after Jackson, p. 332. |
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HAFEZ xiii. - xiv. Hafez’s Tomb (Ḥāfeẓiya) |
Plate II. Ḥāfeẓiya in the late 20th century, from Shiraz University website www.shirazu.ac.ir. |
Plate I. A schematic representation of Ḥāfeẓ Eṣfahāni’s clock. |
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Plate I. The world according to the Avesta (adapted from M. Boyce, Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism, Glasgow, 1984, p. 17). |
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HAFT KEŠVAR |
Plate II. The Seven Regions according to late Sāsānian and early Islamic scholastic views (adapted from Bīrūnī, Tafhim). |
HAFT KEŠVAR |
Plate III. The Seven Climes (early Islamic adaptation of the Ptolemaic view). |
HAFT KEŠVAR |
Plate IV. The world according to early Islamic scientists (after Bīrūnī, Tafhim, pp. 166-70). |
Figure 1. An illustration of Haft Sin, after Batmanglij, p. 385. |
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Plate I. Map of southwestern Iran. |
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HAFT TEPE |
Plate II. Plan of Royal Tomb of Tepti-ahar, Haft Tepe. |
HAFT TEPE |
Plate III. Map of excavated area, Haft Tepe. |
HAFT TEPE |
Plate IV. Diagram of the double purpose kiln, Haft Tepe. |
Plate I. Shrine of the Bab overlooking the Persian Garden. |
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Figure 1. Stylized drawing of Ḥāji Firuz, after Radio Peyk, “Haji Firooz: The Herald of the New Year,” www.swix.ch/peyk. |
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Figure 1. Ḥāji Pirzāda. |
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Figure 1. Ḥāji Vāšangton. |
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Figure 1. Drawing of the Ḥājiābād inscription published by Robert Ker Porter (I, pl. 15, opp. p. 513). |
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Plate I. Ḥājj Sayyāḥ in Paris, after Hajj Sayyah, 1998, p. 125. |
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ḤĀJJ SAYYĀḤ |
Plate II. Ḥājj Sayyāḥ in prison, after Hajj Sayyah, 1998, p. 14. |
Plate I. Hajji Baba utilizes his skills as a barber to please a military chief. After 2d ed., London, 1835, title page. |
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HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN |
Plate II. Hajji Baba converses with the royal physician, Mirza Ahmak. After 2d ed., London, 1835, title page. |
HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN |
Plate III. Morier’s sketch of Mirza Firouz, the Persian emissary. After A Persian at the Court of King George, 1809-10, tr. and ed. Margaret Morris Cloake, London, 1988, plate 17. |
HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN |
Plate IV. Morier’s sketch of the grand vizier, “a little old man.” (This is most likely a caricature of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah’s premier, Mirzā Šafiʿ Māzandarāni.) After A Persian at the Court of King George, 1809-10, tr. and ed. Margaret Morris Cloake, London, 1988, plate 23. |
HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN |
Plate V. Hajji Baba enjoys the company of Zeenab. After Ḥabl al-matin, Persian tr., Calcutta, 1905, opp. p. 142. |
HAJJI BABA OF ISPAHAN |
Plate VI. The royal physician demonstrates the ineffectiveness of European medicine before the shah and his court. After Ḥabl al-matin, Persian tr., Calcutta, 1905, opp. p. 124. |
Figure 1. Ebrāhim Ḥakimi. |
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Figure 1. Mawjuda Ḥakimova in the 1970s. (Davronov, 1989, p. 123). |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Shaikh Maḥmud Ḥalabi. |
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Figure 1. Abu’l-Qāsem Ḥālat. |
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Plate I. The martyrdom of Ḥallāj in Baghdad. A 17th century Indian painting (Allahabad 1017a), from Diwān, by Amir Najm-al-Din Dehlavi. Courtesy of The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, w.650p.22v. |
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Figure 1. The Province of Hamadān, based on Sāzmān-e naqšabardāri-e kešvar, Aṭlas-e melli-e Irān, Tehran, 1994; and Markaz-e āmār-e Irān, Farhang-e ābādihā-ye kešvar XXII, Tehran, 1970. |
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Figure 1. Aerial view of Hamadān. Courtesy of Abdolhamid Eshragh. |
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Plate I. Distant view of Hamadān and Mount Alvand in early 20th century, after Jackson, opposite p. 145. |
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HAMADĀN vi. History, Islamic Period |
Plate II. Bridge over the river at Hamadān, Alvand in the background, after Jackson, opposite, p. 165 |
Plate I. Ganj-nāma. Courtesy of Elm Art and Cultural Group. |
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HAMADĀN vii. Monuments |
Plate II. Šir-e sangi. Courtesy of Elm Art and Cultural Group. |
HAMADĀN vii. Monuments |
Plate III. Gonbad-e ʿAlawiān. Courtesy of Elm Art and Cultural Group. |
HAMADĀN vii. Monuments |
Plate IV. Mausoleum of Avicenna. Courtesy of Elm Art and Cultural Group. |
HAMADĀN vii. Monuments |
Plate V. Mausoleum of Bābā Ṭāher. Courtesy of Elm Art and Cultural Group. |
HAMADĀN vii. Monuments |
Plate VI. Congregational Mosque. Courtesy of Elm Art and Cultural Group. |
Plate II. Torah from Mausoleum of Esther and Mordechai. (Courtesy of the author.) |
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HAMADĀN viii. Jewish Community |
Plate I. Mausoleum of Esther and Mordechai, courtesy of Elm Art & Cultural Group. |
Figure 1. Illustrations of ʿAli Hamadāniān (left) and Ḥosayn Hamadāniān (right). Courtesy of the ICC website. |
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HAMADĀNIĀN FACTORIES AND ENDOWMENTS |
Figure 2. The cement factory in its early years. |
HAMADĀNIĀN FACTORIES AND ENDOWMENTS |
Figure 3. Sepahan Cement Factory. |
Figure 1. Mehdi Ḥamidi Širāzi. |
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Figure 1. Arched harps on Persian seal impressions (second millennium B.C.E.). (caption too long) |
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HARP |
Figure 2. Robust, vertical, angular harps (first millennia B.C.E. and C.E.). a. Extant Egyptian harp, 1000-500 B.C.E. (Musée du Louvre, Paris). (caption too long) |
HARP |
Figure 3. Horizontal, angular harps. a. Terracotta plaque, Iščāli (Mesopotamia), 1900-1500 B.C.E. (Rashid, 1984, Pl. 71). b. Terracotta figurine, Susa, 1900-1500 B.C.E. (Spycket, 1992a, Pl. 95, no. 803). c. Silver plate, Persia, 8th-10th century C.E. (Farmer, 1966, Pl. 6). |
HARP |
Figure 4. Light, vertical, angular harps. a. Wall relief, Ṭāq-e Bostān (Persia), ca. 600 C.E. (Fukai et al., 1972, Pl. LIXb). b. Shōsōin Treasure Depository, Nara (Japan), extant specimen, eighth century C.E. (Hayashi et al., 1967, a composite of Pls. 93-99, 106-7). |
HARP |
Figure 5. Robust vertical harps (second millennium B.C.E.). a. Terracotta plaque, Babylon, 1900-1500 (Rashid, 1984, Pl. 62). b. Terracotta figurine, Babylon, 1900-1500 (Rashid, 1984, Pl. 70). c. Terracotta figurine, Susa, 1900-1500 (Spycket, 1992a, Pl. 96, no. 813). |
HARP |
Figure 6. Elamite (Persian) angular harps (first millennium B.C.E.). |
HARP |
Figure 7. Harps illustrated in Persian miniature manuscripts produced in various workshops during the Islamic period. Dates are given in C.E. |
Figure 1. Provisional plan of the structures of Ḥasanlu IVB within the period IIIB fortification wall. |
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ḤASANLU TEPPE i. The Site |
Figure 2. Overview of Ḥasanlu. Used by permission of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia. |
ḤASANLU TEPPE i. The Site |
Figure 3. Ḥasanlu period IV B drawing of Horse breastplate of bronze found with a mess of horse gear. L 42.28 HT 20.2 cms. HAS 74-241. Iran Bastan Museum, Tehran. |
Figure 1. Ḥasanlu Silver Beaker from period IV B. Electrum overlay. HT 17.0 cm. HAS 58-427. Iran Bastan Museum, Tehran. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Raḥim Ḥāšem. |
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Figure 1. Kāẓem Ḥasibi. |
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Figure 1. Moḥsen Haštrudi. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of ʿali Ḥātami. |
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Figure 1. Martin Haug. |
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Figure 1. Ḥaydar Khan ʿamu-Oḡli. |
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Figure 1. Hāyeda (MaʿṢuma Dadebāl). |
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Figure 1. Hažār (ʿAbd-Al-Raḥmān Šarafkandi). |
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Figure 1. Map of Afghanistan with Hazāragi-speaking areas. Adapted from Mousavi, 1998, p. 68. |
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Figure 1. A procession of Ḥezb-e Waḥdat forces in Bāmiān during the celebration of the 7th anniversary of the formation of their party, 4 August 1996. |
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HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY |
Figure 2. Hazāra migrant workers in Tehran sharing a meal. |
HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY |
Figure 3. Hazāra migrant workers in Quetta, playing a board game during a stopover on their journey to Iran. |
HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY |
Figure 4. The giant Buddha which used to stand in Bāmiān, 22 July 1996. |
HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY |
Figure 5. A decorated stage in preparation for the celebration of the 7th anniversary of the formation of Ḥezb-e Waḥdat, 1 August 1996. |
HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY |
Figure 6. Hazāra migrant workers in Kandahar, October 1995. |
HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY |
Figure 7. A typical shop in the Hazārajāt, October 1995. |
Figure 1. ʿAbd-Al-Ḥosayn Hažir. |
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Figure 1. Mehdiqoli Hedāyat, Moḵber-al-Salṭana. |
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Figure 1. Sadeq Hedayat. |
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Figure 1. The Summer Queen in recent times, as apartment house: (a) south side with entrance on Arthur Bunder, (b) interior, elevator. (Courtesy of the author) |
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HEDAYAT, SADEQ v. Hedayat in India |
Figure 2. The Summer Queen: east side, facing B K Boman Behram Marg. (Courtesy of the author) |
HEDAYAT, SADEQ v. Hedayat in India |
Figure 3. The Summer Queen: signage showing division into apartments.(Courtesy of the author) |
Figure 1. Long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus). By permission of E. Firouz (The Complete Fauna of Iran, London and New York, 2005, p. 49). |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Sven Hedin. |
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Figure 1. Moḥammad Ḥejāzi, Moṭiʿ-Al-Dawla. |
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Figure 1. Reżā Sardār Fāḵer Ḥekmat. |
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Figure 1. Šamsi Morādpur Ḥekmat. |
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Figure 1. ʿAli-Aṣḡar Ḥekmat. |
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Figure 1. Silver coin of Heliocles I. Obverse: bust of the king. Reverse: standing figure of Zeus; inscription: [B](A)SILEŌS DIKAIOU ELIOKLEOUS “of the just King Heliocles” (B. V. Head, Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics, Oxford, 2nd ed., Oxford, 1911 pp. 839-40, fig. 370). |
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Figure 1. A gold (wt. 132 gr.) and a silver (tetradrachm, 262 gr.) coin of Lysimachus, king in Thrace and part of Asia Minor (r. 305-281 BCE). Obv.: profile head of Alexander with ram's horn as the divine son of the syncretic deity Zeus-Ammon; rev.: Pallas Athene holding Victory; inscription BASILEŌS LUSIMAXOU (B. V. Head, A Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients, from circ. B. C. 70 to A. D. 1, London, 1881, p. 63, nos. IV B 19-20, pl. 31). |
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Figures 1-33. Pre-Islamic helmets. |
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HELMET i. In Pre-Islamic Iran |
Figures 34-58. Pre-Islamic helmets. |
Figure 1. Photograph of Walter Bruno Henning. |
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Figure 1. Heracles, after Wilhelm Binder, ed., Dr. Vollmer’s Wörterbuch der Mythologie aller Völker, 3rd ed., Stuttgart, 1874. |
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Figure 1. Topographical landmarks of Timurid Herat (after Allen 1981, Map 2). |
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Figure 1. Obol of Heraus. Scale: 4:1 (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford). |
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HERAUS |
Figure 1. Tetradrachm of Heraus. Scale: 1:1 (State Museum, Lucknow). |
Figure 1. Portrait of Thomas Herbert. |
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Figure 1. A depiction of Hermes. |
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Figure 1. Bronze finial for a votive standard, Luristan, 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. (courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia; after V. G. Lukonin, Iskusstvo drevnego Irana, Moscow, 1977, p. 47). |
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HERMITAGE MUSEUM i. Collection of the Pre-Islamic Period |
Figure 2. Detail, gold griffin with inlay, 4th century B.C.E. (courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia; after V. G. Lukonin, Iskusstvo drevnego Irana, Moscow, 1977, p. 84). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM i. Collection of the Pre-Islamic Period |
Figure 3. Ceramic vase with green glaze, Susa, 2nd-3rd centuries C.E. (courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia; after V. G. Lukonin, Iskusstvo drevnego Irana, Moscow, 1977, p. 134). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM i. Collection of the Pre-Islamic Period |
Figure 4. Carnelian stamp seal of “Xusraw the mage,” 4th century C.E. (courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia; after V. G. Lukonin, Iskusstvo drevnego Irana, Moscow, 1977, p. 154). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM i. Collection of the Pre-Islamic Period |
Figure 5. Gilded silver dish, 6th century C.E. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (after V. G. Lukonin, Iskusstvo drevnego Irana, Moscow, 1977, p. 195). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM i. Collection of the Pre-Islamic Period |
Figure 6. Drawing of the Pazyryk Carpet; after K. Jettmar, Art of the Steppes, Art of the World, New York, 1964, fig. 103, p. 121. |
Plate I. Figure of a horse, 10th century. Bronze/brass, height 36 cm, length 42 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. IR-1984 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 113). |
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HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate II. Ewer, 12th-early 13th century. Bronze/brass, silver, height 36.5 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. IR-1468 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 118). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate III. Water jug, early 13th century. Bronze, silver, height 35 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. AZ-225 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 119). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate IV. Eight tiles, early 14th century. Faience, each tile height 15 cm, width 15 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. IR-1291-1298 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 158A). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate IX. Book rest, 17th century. Wood, paint finish, height 58 cm, width 20 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. VR-184 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 302). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate V. Dervish’s kaškul, 19th century. Faience, glaze-painted with blue, brown and black paint, height 12 cm, length 22.5 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. VT-2707 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 76). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate VI. Feast in the Open Air, by Reżā ʿAbbāsi, early 17th century. Two miniatures, both enclosed in a yellow frame and backed on pink card; paper, gouache, gold, left half 26.2x16.5 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. VR-740/XVIII (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 89). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate VII. Dagger with sheath, early 17th century. Steel, gold, enamel, precious stones, emerald, length 42.8 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. OR-448 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 287). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate VIII. Reservoir for a water pipe (qaliān), 19th century. Gold, enamel, height 20.2 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. VZ-296 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 295). |
HERMITAGE MUSEUM ii. Collection of the Islamic Period |
Plate X. Small table, 19th century. Wood, paint finish, on three legs with a round top, diameter of top 52.5 cm, height 77 cm. Courtesy of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, no. VR-1281 (after Piotrovsky and Vrieze, plate 307). |
Figure 1. Photograph of Edward Heron-Allen. |
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Figure 1. Johannes Hertel. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Ernst Herzfeld, 1928. |
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Figure 1. Maḥmud Ḥesābi. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of George Francis Hill. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of (A.) Walther Hinz. |
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Figure 1. The region of Ḥira in the late Sasanian era, ca. 600 A.D. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Karl Hoffmann. |
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Figure 1. Colonel Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich. |
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Figure 1. Dinar of Hormozd I Kušānšāh. The British Museum. (Photograph: Courtesy of Trustees of the British Museum) |
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HORMOZD KUŠĀNŠĀH |
Figure 2. Drachm of Hormozd I Kušānšāh. The British Museum. (Photograph: Courtesy of Trustees of the British Museum) |
Figure 1. Saʿid Hormozi. |
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Figure 1. Map of the Strait of Hormuz, adapted from Map of Islamic Republic of Iran, scale 1: 1,6000,000. Courtesy of the Gitashenasi Geographical and Cartographic Institute, Tehran, 2002. |
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Figure 1. Types of Persian horseshoes and horseshoe nails. |
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HORSESHOES |
Figure 2. Types of European horseshoes. |
Figure 1. The verse reads: “Adam is the tablet in which is inscribed the existence of the world; the generosity of God (fażl-e ḥaqq: i.e., Fażl-Allāh Astarābādi) is written on Adam’s face.” After Atalay, facing p. 36. |
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Figure 1. Šemr, the arch villain in a processional taʿzia, Mehriz, 1977. |
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ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI iii. The Passion of Ḥosayn |
Figure 2. Parda-ye taʿzia, representing the tragedy of Karbalā. |
ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI iii. The Passion of Ḥosayn |
Figure 3. ʿĀšurā, oil painting by Muḥammad Modabber, 1960s. |
ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI iii. The Passion of Ḥosayn |
Figure 4. Taʿzia, “Bāzār-e Šām,” Takiya-ye Moʿāwen-al-Molk, Kermānšāh, 1999. |
ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI iii. The Passion of Ḥosayn |
Figure 5. A Moḥarram penitent, after B. Vereschquine, Voyage dans les Provinces de Caucase, Paris, 1869. |
ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI iii. The Passion of Ḥosayn |
Figure 6. A tile panel illustrating self-flagellation, Takiya-ye Moʿāwen-al-Molk, Kermānšāh. |
Figure 1. Āqā Ḥosaynqoli. After Ḵāleqi, first ed., I, p. 131. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of André Aminollah Hossein. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Mansoureh Hosseini. (Pakbaz et al. p. 100) |
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HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH |
Figure 2. Mansoureh Hosseini in the Forbidden City, Beijing, China, 1999. (Pakbaz, et al., p. 26) |
HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH |
Figure 3. Ali, c. 1959, Gouache on cardboard, 94.5 × 72 cm. Artist’s collection. (Pakbaz et al. p. 67). |
HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH |
Figure 4. One of the works displayed at the club of the National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, 1960 (Pakbaz et al., p. 82). |
HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH |
Figure 5. Black Chrysanthemums, circa 1986, Oil on board, 98.5 × 69 cm. Collection of Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art (Pakbaz et al. p. 38). |
HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH |
Figure 6. Concerto, 1964, Oil on canvas, 180 × 90cm. Artist’s collection (Pakbaz et al., p. 62). |
HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH |
Figure 7. An-al Haqq, circa 1978, Oil on canvas, 190×190 cm. Artist’s collection (Pakbaz et al., p. 41). |
Figure 1. Sir Albert Houtum-Schindler. |
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Figure 1. Amir ʿAbbās Hoveydā. |
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Figure 1. (Johann) Heinrich Hübschmann, after Tayean, p. 471. |
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Figure 1. Schematic representation of the four humors: their relationship to the seasons, elements, temperaments, and organs; and the characterization of each by two of the four primary qualities. |
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Plate I. Examples of the Hunnic Coin Series. a. Kidāra (?) after ca. 384/85 C.E. Dinar (7.69 g), obv. and rev. Kabul (?) (Bibliothèque nationale de France). (caption is WAY too long) |
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Figure 1. Hušyār Širāzi. |
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Figure 1. Illustration of Georg Huth (“Juedische Dozenten an der Berliner Universität,” 1910, cols. 747-48). |
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Figure 1. Tamgha on the coins of Huviška.. |
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HUVIŠKA |
Plate I. a. Gold stater of Huviška, 19 mm, 7.74 gm. Obverse: royal portrait (earlier version) and Bactrian inscription. Reverse: the god OHŠO (= Śiva) and tamgha device. Courtesy Peter A. Linenthal Collection. b. Gold stater of Huviška, 21 mm, 7.91 gm. Obverse: royal portrait (later version) and Bactrian inscription. Reverse: the goddess APDOXŠO and tamgha device. Courtesy Peter A. Linenthal Collection. |
Plate I. Čahār Menār, 1590-91, Hyderabad, India. Courtesy of the author. |
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HYDERABAD |
Plate II. Mecca Masjed, begun 1617, with additions in the 17th and 18th centuries, Hyderabad, India. Courtesy of the author.. |
Figure 1. Hyaena Hyaena. By permission of E. Firouz (A Guide to the Fauna of Iran, Tehran, 2000, p. 366). |
(Cross-Reference)
Originally Published: January 1, 2000
Last Updated: August 11, 2015