Table of Contents
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ŠOKUROV, MOḤAMMADJĀN
Habib Borjian and Evelin Grassi
(1925-2012), Tajik scholar and literary critic. From the late 1980s, in the milieu of glasnost, he cultivated an interest in the theory of modern Tajik culture, and he published copiously on the issues of the history and contemporary conditions of Tajik language, literature, and culture during the independence period after 1991.
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SOLAYMĀN
Peter Jackson
Il-Khan of Iran (1339-1344), a great-grandson of Hülegü’s third son Yošmut.
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SOLAYMĀN I
Rudi Matthee
(1648-1694), Shah, the eighth king of the Safavid dynasty and the oldest son of Shah ʿAbbās II. Until his enthronement, he grew up secluded in the royal harem and his first language was Turkish.
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SOLAYMĀNI, Ātajān Peyrow
Keith Hitchins
(1899-1933), Tajik poet who blended the classical traditions of Tajik-Persian verse with the social themes of the new Soviet Central Asia of the 1920s and early 1930s.
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SOLṬĀN ḤOSAYN
Rudi Matthee
(1668-1727), the ninth and last Safavid king, the eldest son of Shah Solaymān I. Like most Safavid rulers, he was most comfortable speaking Turkish, although he appears to have learned Persian as well.
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SOLṬĀN WALAD
Cross-Reference
13th-14th-century Sufi shaikh and poet, son and eventual successor of Mawlānā Jalāl-al-Din Rumi(Mawlawi). See BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN SOLṬĀN WALAD.
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SOPURḠĀN
David G. Malick
Neo-Aramaic Sipūrḡān, Assyrian village in the Urmia plain, situated on the Nazlu river, 26 km northeast of the city of Urmia.
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SORḴA
Habib Borjian
(locally: Sur), township and sub-province in Semnān Province.
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SORUSHIAN, Jamshid
Carlo G. Cereti
(1914-1999), a Zoroastrian community leader and author.
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SOUR CHERRY
Cross-Reference
See ĀLBĀLŪ.
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SOUR GRAPE jUICE
Cross-Reference
See ĀB-ḠŪRA.
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SOUTH PERSIA RIFLES
Floreeda Safiri
(SPR), a locally recruited militia, commanded by British officers, and operating in the provinces of Fārs and Kermān from 1916 to 1921.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA i. PERSIAN PRESENCE IN
M. Ismail Marcinkowski
Attention will be given to some of the most striking features of the Persian influences on Southeast Asian Islamic culture.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA ii. SHIʿITES IN
M. Ismail Marchinkowski
Along with Sufism, Shiʿite elements too entered Malay-Indonesian Islam, certainly by way of southern India, where it was well represented.
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SPĀHBED
Rika Gyselen
Sasanian title that denoted a high military rank and meant ‘chief of an army, general.’
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SPAIN: RELATIONS WITH PERSIA IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES
José Cutillas Ferrer
Spanish-Persian relations trace back to al-Andalos, when the presence of people and cultural materials from Persia reached its highest level.
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SPANDARMAD
Cross-Reference
one of the six great Aməša Spəntas in Zoroastrianism. See ĀRMAITI .
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SPEAR
Boris A. Litvinsky
(Av. aršti- ‘spear,’ OPers. aršti ‘throwing weapon’ or ‘javelin’) is mentioned in the Avesta several times.
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SPIEGEL, FRIEDRICH (VON)
Rüdiger Schmitt
(1820 -1905), German orientalist and scholar of Iranian studies.
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SPULER, Bertold
Werner Ende, Bert Fragner, Dagmar Riedel
As a teenager Spuler lived through the economic and political turmoils of the 1920s following German defeat in World War I. He received a humanist education, with a focus on Latin and Greek, at the Bismarck Gymnasium in Karlsruhe. Spuler easily picked up languages.
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