Table of Contents

• JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iv. And Esoteric sciences

  Daniel De Smet

  a major figure in Shiʿite esotericism, is purported to be the founder of occult science in Islam. According to Imami-Shiʿite tradition, his knowledge concerned “the exoteric (al-ẓāher), the esoteric (al-bāṭen), and the esoteric of the esoteric (bāṭen al-bāṭen).” 

• JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ v. And herbal medicine

  Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi

  work on medicine (Ṭebb al-Emām al-Ṣādeq) belongs to a genre of traditional herbal medicine attributed to the Shiʿite imams and known as the Medicine of the imams (ṭebb al-aʾemma), whose salient figure is Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq.

• JAʿFAR B. MANṢUR-AL-YAMAN

  Hamid Haji

  a high-ranking Ismaʿili author who flourished in the 10th century, during the reigns of the first four Fatimid caliphs.

• JAʿFAR B. MOḤAMMAD B. ḤARB

  Joseph van Ess

  , ABU’L-FAŻL AL-HAMDĀNI (d. 850), also called al-Ašajj ("scar-face" or "skull-broken"), Muʿtazilite theologian who lived in Baghdad.

• JAʿFAR B. YAḤYĀ BARMAKI

  cross-reference

  See BARMAKIDS.

• JAʿFAR ḴĀN AZ FARANG ĀMADA

  MARYAM SHARIATI

  acclaimed satirical drama in one act by ʿAli Nowruz, a pen name of the playwright Ḥasan Moqaddam (1895-1925).

• JAʿFAR KHAN BAḴTIĀRI

  cross-reference

  See BAḴTIĀRI (1).

• JAʿFARI, ŠAʿBĀN

  H. E. Chehabi

  (1921-2006), a luṭi of the jāhel variety, athlete, and rightwing political agent from the early 1940s to the early 1950s, who later headed Persia’s traditional sports establishment (zur-ḵāna).

• JAʿFARQOLI KHAN BAḴTIĀRI

  cross-reference

  See BAḴTIĀRI (1).

• JAFR

  Gernot Windfuhr

  a term of uncertain etymology used to designate the major divinatory art in Islamic mysticism and gnosis—the art  of discovering the predestined fate of nations, dynasties, religions, and individuals by a variety of methods.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• JAGARḴWIN

  Keith Hitchins

  (or Cegerxwin), pseudonym of Şêxmûs Hesen (1903-1984), considered by many the leading Kurdish poet of the 20th century writing in Kurmanji.

• JAḠATU

  Nicholas Sims-Williams

  an archeological site in Ḡazni province, Afghanistan, situated about 20 km north of Ḡazni on the route between Ḡazni and Wardak.

• JAGHATAY

  cross-reference

  See CHAGHATAYID DYNASTY.

• JAḠMINI, MAḤMUD

  Lutz Richter-Bernburg

  b. Moḥammad b. ʿOmar  (d. 1344), an astronomer from Jaḡmin, a village in Ḵᵛārazm. The author of a brief Arabic survey of mathematical astronomy.

• JĀḠORI

  A. Monsutti

  a term of uncertain etymological origin for both a tribal section of the Hazāras and a district (woluswāli) of Ḡazni province in Afghanistan.

• JAHĀN TIMÜR

  Charles Melville

  recognized briefly as Il-khan in Iraq and Mesopotamia in 1339-40 during the period of the collapse of the Il-khanate.

• JAHĀN-E ZANĀN

  Nassereddin Parvin

  (Women’s World), short-lived magazine, 1921. Published first in Mašhad (four issues) and, after a lapse of about five months, in Tehran (one issue only). 

• JAHĀN-MALEK ḴĀTUN

  Dominic Parviz Brookshaw

  (d. after 1382), Injuid princess, poet, and contemporary of Ḥāfeẓ. The style and quality of her poetry suggest that she was acquainted with famous male contemporaries Ḥāfeẓ and ʿObayd Zākāni.

• JAHĀNĀRĀ BEGUM

  Stephen Dale

  (1614-81), the eldest surviving daughter of the Mughal Emperor Šāh Jahān and his favorite wife, Momtāz Mahal.

• JAHĀNBEGLU

  P. Oberling

  (or Jānbeglu), one of several Kurdish tribes transplanted from northwestern Persia to Māzandarān by Āḡā Moḥammad Khan Qajar (r. 1789-97).