Table of Contents

• INDIA iii. RELATIONS: ACHAEMENID PERIOD

  Pierfrancesco Callieri

  The conquest by Darius I of the territories of the Indian subcontinent west of the Indus for the first time created a clear relationship between India and Iran.

• INDIA iv. RELATIONS: SELEUCID, PARTHIAN, SASANIAN PERIODS

  Pierfrancesco Callieri

  Seleucus I (d. 281 BCE) led an expedition to India (Matelli, 1987) ca. 305 B.C.E. It ended, however, with the cession of  territories to a new Indian king, Candragupta Maurya.

• INDIA v. RELATIONS: MEDIEVAL PERIOD TO THE 13TH CENTURY

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  The first political and military footholds of the Muslims in the subcontinent proper were in Sind, and at Multan in the middle Indus valley, secured in the early 8th century.

• INDIA vi. Political and Cultural Relations (13th-18th centuries)

  Richard M. Eaton

  Relations between peoples of the Iranian plateau and India were extensive and uninterrupted between the 13th and 18th centuries. Migration, commerce, and politics all led to a range of cross-regional influences.

• INDIA vii. RELATIONS: THE AFSHARID AND ZAND PERIODS

  Mansour Bonakdarian

   The invasion of the Persian capital (Isfahan) by Ḡilzai Afghan forces in 1722 and the collapse of Safavid central authority had a marked impact on Indo-Persian relations,

• INDIA viii. RELATIONS: QAJAR PERIOD, THE 19TH CENTURY

  Mansour Bonakdarian

   By the time of Āqā Moḥammad Khan’s founding of the Qajar dynasty in 1796, Persia’s diplomatic relations with the Mughal empire and other territories in the Indian subcontinent were gradually passing under the supervision of British authorities in India.

• INDIA ix. RELATIONS: QAJAR PERIOD, EARLY 20TH CENTURY

  Mansour Bonakdarian

  The contributions made by various non-Iranian individuals and groups to the constitutional/ nationalist cause in Persia have long been acknowledged in the historiography of the revolution.

• INDIA x. RELATIONS: PAHLAVI PERIOD

  Cross-Reference

  Iranian-Indian relations during the Pahlavi period will be discussed in a future online entry.

• INDIA xi. RELATIONS: ISLAMIC REPUBLIC

  Cross-Reference

  See Supplement.

• INDIA xii. ISLAMIC DYNASTIES OF

  Cross-Reference

  See under individual dynasties.

• INDIA xiii. INDO-IRANIAN COMMERCIAL RELATIONS

  Scott C. Levi

  Since antiquity merchants have used both caravan and maritime routes to transport commodities between India and Persia.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• INDIA xiv. Persian Literature in India

  Mario Casari

  The amount of Persian literature composed in the Indian subcontinent up to the 19th century is larger than that produced in Iran proper during the same period.

• INDIA xv. Persian Correspondence Literature

  cross-reference

  See CORRESPONDENCE iv.

• INDIA xvi. INDO-PERSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

  Stephen F. Dale

  Historical works in Persian began to appear in India in the era of the Delhi Sultanate during the late 13th to 14th centuries.

• INDIA xvii. PERSIAN PRESS IN

  cross-reference

  See INDIA viii and INDIA ix. See also CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION vi and ḤABL AL-MATIN.

• INDIA xviii. PERSIAN ELEMENTS IN INDIAN LANGUAGES

  Christopher Shackle

  Some Persian elements are present in most of the modern languages of the subcontinent of South Asia, as a consequence of the prolonged cultivation of Persian associated with pre-modern Indo-Muslim culture.

• INDIA xix. INDIAN LITERARY INFLUENCES ON PERSIAN LITERATURE

  Cross-Reference

  Iranian-Indian literary influences on Persian literature will be discussed in a future online entry.

• INDIA xx. PERSIAN INFLUENCES ON INDIAN PAINTING

  Barbara Schmitz

  Between about 1300 and 1600, Persian painting styles had a sustained impact on the Indian art at the Sultanate and Mughal courts as well as on Hindu painting styles. The earliest dated manuscripts from the subcontinent that rely on Persian models for some of their motifs are from the late 14th century.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• INDIA xxi. INDIAN INFLUENCES ON PERSIAN PAINTING

  Barbara Schmitz

  During the 17th century, the flow of artistic influences between Persia and India reversed. Paintings and drawings in the developed Mughal style of the first quarter of the century were imported to the courts and bazaars of Isfahan.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• INDIA xxii. PERSIAN INFLUENCE ON INDIAN ARCHITECTURE

  cross-reference

  See DECCAN ii; DELHI SULTANATE ii; GARDEN iii; HYDERABAD ii.