Table of Contents

• HAZĀRA i. Historical geography of Hazārajāt

  Arash Khazeni

  Hazārajāt, the homeland of the Hazāras, lies in the central highlands of Afghanistan, among the Kuh-e Bābā mountains and the western extremities of the Hindu Kush. Its boundaries have historically been inexact and shifting, and in some respects Hazārajāt denotes an ethnic and religious zone rather than a geographical one–that of Afghanistan’s Turko-Mongol Shiʿites.

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• HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY

  Alessandro Monsutti

  Among the Hazāras themselves, three main theories exist: they are of Mongolian or Turko-Mongolian descent; they are the pre-Indo-European autochthones of the area; or they are of mixed race as a result of several waves of migration.

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• HAZĀRA iii. Ethnography and social organization

  Alessandro Monsutti

  It would be misleading to present a fixed and definitive image of the main Hazāra tribes, as the affiliations are changing over time and the designations reflect the political situation.

• HAZĀRA iv. Hazāragi dialect

  Charles M. Kieffer

  The number of hazāragi speakers is approximately 1.8 million. The Afghan hazāragi varieties of Persian are essentially very close to modern tājiki, or rather of modern dari Persian, or even kāboli Persian, but their typology still has to be fully defined.

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• HAZĀRASPIDS

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a local dynasty of Kurdish origin which ruled in the Zagros mountains region of southwestern Persia, essentially in Lorestān and the adjacent parts of Fārs, and which flourished in the later Saljuq, Il-khanid, Mozaffarid, and Timurid periods.

• HAZĀRBED

  Rahim M. Shayegan

  or Hazāruft; title of a high state official in Sasanian Iran.

• HAZĀRSOTUN

  Gavin R. G. Hambly

  the palace-complex of Moḥammad b. Toḡloq (1325-1551) at Jahānpanāh (Delhi).

• HAZELNUT

  H. Aʿlam

  (fandoq), the hard-shelled fruit of the shrub (or small tree) Corylus avellana L. (fam. Corylaceae), containing an edible kernel of high nutritious value.

• ḤAZIN

  Jean During

  in Persian music, a small guša (melodic type) of the Persian classical model repertoire radif.

• ḤAZIN LĀHIJI

  John R. Perry

  Persian poet and scholar (1692-1766), emblematic of the cultivated Shiʿite mirzā of Safavid and post-Safavid Iran who fled a politically dangerous and economically depressed milieu for the courts of Muslim India.