Table of Contents

  • GAUMĀTA

    Pierre Briant

    according to the Bīsotūn inscriptions, the Magian pretender who seized the Achaemenid throne by claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the son of Cyrus the Great.

  • GĀV

    Cross-Reference

    See CATTLE.

  • GĀV-ZABĀN

    Hushang Aʿlam

    lit. ”ox-tongue” (in reference to the rough, tongue-shaped leaves of the plant); the popular designation for several medicinal species of the borage family (Boraginaceae).

  • GAVA

    Cross-Reference

    See SOGHDIA.

  • GĀVĀHAN

    Cross-Reference

    See PLOW.

  • ḠĀVĀL

    Jean During

    or daf; the most widespread percussion instrument in the Republic of Azerbaijan, played as much in artistic as in popular music and professional ensembles.

  • GAVAN

    Cross-Reference

    plant of the genus Astragalus. See TRAGACANTH (pending).

  • GĀVĀN GĪLĀNĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See MAḤMŪD GĪLĀNĪ.

  • GAVAZN

    Cross-Reference

    See RED DEER.

  • GĀVBAND

    Amir Ismail Ajami

    the owner of the oxen (gāv) in the traditional farming system of Persia.

  • GĀVBĀRA

    Cross-Reference

    See DABUYIDS.

  • GĀVBĀZĪ

    Christian Bromberger

    arranged fights between bulls. These now take place only in the Caspian provinces of Gīlān and Mazandarān. In the past, however, they were common throughout Persia and formed part of the entertainment in local festivities along with other games involving pitting animals and creatures of all kinds against each other.

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  • GĀVMĪŠ

    Cross-Reference

    buffalo. See CATTLE.

  • GAVOR QALʿA

    Cross-Reference

    See GYAUR KALA.

  • GĀW Ī ĒWDĀD

    William W. Malandra

    or ēwagdād; the name of the primordial Bovine in Zoroastrian mythology.

  • ḠAWṮ KHAN, NAWWĀB MOḴTĀR-AL-MOLK

    Cross-Reference

    See NAWWĀB-E DAKHAN.

  • ḠAWṮĪ, MOḤAMMAD

    K. A. Nizami

    b. Ḥasan b. Mūsā Šaṭṭārī MANDOVĪ (b. Mandu, 1554), author of Golzār-e-abrār, a Persian hagiography of Indian saints.

  • ḠAYBA

    Said Amir Arjomand

    (Pers. ḡaybat) lit. "absence"; term used by the Shiʿites to refer to the occultation of the Hidden Imam.

  • ḠĀYER KHAN

    Peter Jackson

    b. Tekeš (d. 1220), Turkish general of the Ḵᵛārazmšāh ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn Moḥammad.

  • GAYḴĀTŪ KHAN

    Peter Jackson

    (1291-95) fifth Mongol Il-khan of Persia; his coins also bear the name Īrinjīn Dūrjī (Tibetan Rin-chen rDo-rje, lit. “Jewel Diamond”) bestowed upon him by Buddhist lamas.