Table of Contents

  • EDUCATION xxiii. MILITARY EDUCATION

    Cross-reference

    See MILITARY EDUCATION.

  • EDUCATION xxiv. EDUCATION IN POSTREVOLUTIONARY PERSIA, 1979-95

    Golnar Mehran

    The history of education in the Islamic Republic falls into two phases: from the revolution to the cease-fire between Persia and Iraq in 1367 Š./1988 (the revolutionary period), when Islamic ideology predominated, and the subsequent period of reconstruction and privatization.

  • EDUCATION xxv. WOMEN’S EDUCATION IN THE QAJAR PERIOD

    Afsaneh Najmabadi

    The premodern conception of women’s education was varied. In some medieval books of ethical instruction and counsel teaching women to read was recommended, whereas other authors warned against it.

  • EDUCATION xxvi. WOMEN’S EDUCATION IN THE PAHLAVI PERIOD AND AFTER

    EIr

    In the 1920s and 1930s women’s public education in Persia was established and grew rapidly.  In 1926-27 the enrollment of females in primary schools was about 17,000, 21 percent of total enrollment at that level.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • EDUCATION xxvii. IN AFGHANISTAN

    M. Mobin Shorish

    By the end of the 19th century, mosque schools (maktabs) and madrasas had lost their vitality, rigor, and scope. Internecine struggles among the ruling Abdālī  and subsequently among the Moḥammadzai clan ensured that no trace of regular and systematic education remained in the country.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • EDUCATION xxviii. IN TAJIKISTAN

    Habib Borjian

    Modern education in Tajikistan developed as the country emerged as a Soviet socialist republic, under the Soviet policy of standardization, with language as virtually the only variable. In Tajikistan, as in other Central Asian republics, this policy brought about nearly universal literacy.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • EFTEḴĀR DAWLATĀBĀDĪ, ʿABD-AL-WAHHĀB BOḴĀRĪ

    S. Moinul Haq

    (b. Ahmadnagar; d. Dawlatābād, 1776), Deccani biographer and poet in Urdu and Persian.

  • EFTEḴĀRĪĀN

    François de Blois

    a family of officials and poets from Qazvīn, reputed descendants of the caliph Abū Bakr, who flourished under the early Il-khans in the 13th century.

  • EGGPLANT

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀDENJĀN.

  • EḠLAMEŠ

    Cross-Reference

    See SAYF-AL-DĪN ʿEMĀD-AL-DĪN EḠLAMEŠ.