Table of Contents

• CITIZENSHIP

  Multiple Authors

  the legal, political, and social status of every person who belongs to a state.

• ČIΘRA

  Cross-Reference

  See ČEHR.

• ČIΘRAFARNAH

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  Iranian personal name meaning “with shining splendor.”

• CITRON

  Cross-Reference

  See BĀLANG; CITRUS FRUITS.

• CITRUS FRUITS

  Hūšang Aʿlam

  in Persia, only the citrus trees and fruits of the genus Citrus L. (family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae) need be considered.

• CITY COUNCILS

  Ḥosayn Farhūdī

  (anjoman-e šahr) in Persia.

• CIVIL CODE

  Naser Yeganeh

  (qānūn-e madanī) of Persia, a series of regulations controlling all civic and social relations between individuals in the various circumstances of their lives.

• CLASS SYSTEM

  Multiple Authors

  (ṭabaqāt-e ejtemāʿī), a generic term referring to various types of social group, including castes, estates, status groups, and occupational categories.

• CLASS SYSTEM i. In the Avesta

  Prods Oktor Skjærvø

  The evidence for the existence of a highly developed class structure in the community in which the Avestan texts were composed is very slight, and the available information must be culled from sources chronologically as far apart as the Avesta itself and the Pahlavi texts.

• CLASS SYSTEM ii. In the Median and Achaemenid Periods

  Pierre Briant

  There are strong grounds for supposing that, for some purposes at least, Persians still defined their class structure in terms of the ancient Iranian social divisions outlined in parts of the Avesta, where individuals are classified by basic function as priests, warriors, and farmers.