Table of Contents

• ČĪNĪ

  John Carswell

  (lit. “Chinese”; borrowed in Arabic as ṣīnī), generic term for Chinese ceramic wares, including porcelain, a translucent, white-bodied ware fired at very high temperatures.

• CINNAMON

  Cross-reference

  See DĀRČĪNĪ.

• CINNAMUS

  Marie Louise Chaumont

  putative rival of Artabanus II (12-38) as king of the Arsacids.

• CINTĀMAṆI

  Priscilla Soucek

  the “wish-fulfilling jewel,” a motif consisting of either a single globe with a pointed extension at the apex or three such globes; either version could be surrounded by a flaming halo.

• ČINWAD PUHL

  Aḥmad Tafażżolī

  traditionally thought to mean “the bridge of the separator” but recently shown to be “the bridge of the accumulator/collector,” the name of a bridge that, according to a Mazdayasnian/Zoroastrian eschatological myth, leads from this world to the next and must be crossed by the souls of the departed.

• CIRCASSIANS

  Cross-Reference

  See ČARKAS.

• CIRCESIUM

  Joseph Wieseh

  a Roman border fortress in Mesopotamia, on the spit of land formed where the Ḵābūr, the present-day al-Boṣayra, flows into the Euphrates (see maps in Kettenhofen).

• CIRCUMCISION

  Ebrāhīm Šakūrzāda and Mahmoud Omidsalar

  Pers. ḵatna, sonnat (formally also taṭhīr or ḵetān), ḵatnakonān, and sonnatkonān; the last two terms also refer to the festivities associated with the circumcision ritual.

• ČIŠPIŠ

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (ca. 675-640 BCE), the son of Achaemenes, legendary founder of the Achaemenid dynasty and father of Darius’s great-grandfather Ariaramnes.

• CISSIANS

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  a name for the Susians, the Elamite inhabitants of Susiana.