Table of Contents
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BOZ
Jean-Pierre Digard
the domestic goat. The earliest evidence for domestication of the goat has been found in Iran (ca. 10,000 B.C.), as have the largest number of prehistoric sites (ca. 7000 B.C.) showing traces of the systematic breeding of this animal.
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BOZBĀŠ
Mohammad R. Ghanoonparvar
Azeri Turkish name for an Iranian dish usually called ābgūšt-e sabzī (green vegetable stew).
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BOZGŪŠ
Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh
the traditional reading of the name of a mythical tribe in Māzandarān mentioned in the Šāh-nāma.
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BOZKAŠĪ
G. Whitney Azoy
(lit. “goat-dragging”), an equestrian folk game played by Turkic groups in Central Asia. Its origins are obscure; quite probably the game first developed as a recreational extension of livestock raiding.
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BOZORG
Jean During
one of the modes in traditional Iranian and Arabic music, mentioned for the first time by Ṣafī-al-Dīn ʿOrmavī among the twelve šodūd, later on called maqāmāt.
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BOZORG, MĪRZĀ
cross-reference
See QĀʾEMMAQĀM, MĪRZĀ BOZORG.
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BOZORG-OMĪD, KĪĀ
Wilferd Madelung
the second Ismaʿili ruler of Alamūt (1124-38). He was of Deylami origin from the region of Rūdbār.
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BOZORGĀN
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
the third class-rank of the four or five divisions of the early Sasanian aristocracy, namely šahryār “landholders,” wispuhr “princes” or members of the royal house, wuzurg “grandees,” āzād “nobles,” and kadag-xwadāy “householders.”
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BOZORGMEHR-E BOḴTAGĀN
Djalal Khaleghi Motlagh
identified in literature and legend as a vizier of Ḵosrow I Anōšīravān (r. 531-78). According to Persian and Arabic sources, he was characterized by exceptional wisdom and sage counsels.
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BOZPAR
Louis Vanden Berghe
a valley situated about 100 km southwest of Kāzerūn and 11 km by donkey path through the mountains from Sar Mašhad, Fārs. The most important ruin in the Bozpār valley is the building known locally as Gūr-e Doḵtar.
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BOZPAYIT
James R. Russell
Middle Persian name, attested only in Armenian, of a Zoroastrian school or body of religious teaching in the Sasanian period.
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BRAHM
Werner Sundermann
“manner, fashion, costume,” Middle Persian word used in connection with human beings, referring either to mode of behavior or to outward appearance.
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BRĀHMĪ
Douglas A. Hitch
Indian script used for a variety of languages in Chinese Turkestan, including Iranian languages. From the Tarim Basin (Xinjiang, China) we have first-millennium documents in Brāhmī script in several Iranian languages.
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BRAHUI
Josef Elfenbein
As “long-distance cattle-herders” in 1880 no fewer than 80 percent of these tribesmen were tent-dwelling nomads; fewer than 20 percent were described as settled. In 1975 the proportions were almost exactly the reverse, and Brahui settlement in large towns has been increasing ever more rapidly.
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BRASS
cross-reference
See BERENJ.
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BRAZIER
Asadullah Souren Melikian-Chirvani, Jaʿfar Šahrī
two distinct types of utensil traditionally used in Iran. One type is a closed container on legs, a kind of stove that holds slowly burning coals for heating.
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BRAZMANIY(A)
cross-reference
See AŠA ii.
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BREAD
Hélène Desmet-Grégoire
Persian nān. In modern Iran bread is the dietary staple food for the population and accounts, on the average, for 70 percent of the daily caloric intake.
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BRĒLVĪ
cross-reference
See BARĒLVĪ.
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BREST-LITOVSK TREATY
Joseph A. Kechichian
treaty signed by the Central Powers and Soviet Russia on 3 March 1918 that was consequential in the history of modern Iran.