Table of Contents
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MAYRHOFER, MANFRED
RÜDIGER SCHMITT
Austrian scholar of comparative Indo-European linguistics and Indo-Iranian studies.
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MAZAEUS
Ernst Badian
member of the highest Achaemenid aristocracy, who had a long career under Artaxerxes III, Darius III, and Alexander of Macedon. At Gaugamela, Mazaeus commanded the right wing of the Persian line with “the best of the cavalry.”
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MAZĀR-E ŠARIF
Xavier de Planhol
the largest city of northern Afghanistan and site of an important religious shrine.
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MAZDAK, MAZDAKISM
Cross-Reference
See IRAN ix. RELIGIONS IN IRAN (1) Pre-Islamic (1.1) Overview, COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY iv. In the Mazdakite religion, ḴORRAMIS, BĀBAK ḴORRAMĪ, SASANIAN DYNASTY, CLASS SYSTEM iii. In the Parthian and Sasanian Periods, IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (1) Pre-Islamic Times, ZOROASTRIANISM i. Historical Review Up To The Arab Conquest.
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MAẒHAR-E ELĀHI
Moojan Momen
(Manifestation of God), a key Bahai term designating the prophets/founders of the world’s religions as the manifestations of the names and attributes of God.
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MECQUENEM, ROLAND DE
Laurianne Martinez-Sève
(1877-1957), French archeologist, director of the excavations of the Mission Archèologique de Susiane at Susa from 1913 to 1946.
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MEDḤAT PASHA
Necati Alkan
A liberal Ottoman statesman of the 19th century, who served both as provincial governor and grand vizier (b. Istanbul, 18 October 1822; d. Ṭāʾef, 8 May 1884).
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MEDIA
M. Dandamayev and I. Medvedskaya
ancient population region (from the end of the 2nd millennium BCE) and kingdom in northwestern Iran.
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MEDICINE i. INTRODUCTION OF WESTERN MEDICINE TO IRAN
Shireen Mahdavi
Western medicine was introduced to Iran by European physicians who began to arrive there from early nineteenth century onwards.
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MEGABATES
Rüdiger Schmitt
Greek rendering of the well-known name OIran. *Baga-pāta- “protected by the gods” (which is attested in El. Ba-qa-ba-(ad-/ud-)da, Bab. Ba-ga-pa-a-ta/tu4, Ba-ga-(’)-pa-a-tú, etc., Aram. bgpt, Lyc. Magabata).