Table of Contents

• MICHAEL THE SYRIAN

  Florence Jullien

  Jacobite patriarch of Antioch (1166-99), who wrote a universal chronicle in Syriac, covering events from the Creation until 1195.

• MICROCOSM and MACROCOSM

  Philippe Gignoux

  in pre-Islamic Iranian thought: the theory of the correspondence between the different parts of the human being and those of the cosmos.

• MIDDLE PERSIAN LITERATURE i. PAHLAVI LITERATURE

  Carlo G. Cereti

  the writings of the Zoroastrians in the Middle Persian language and Book Pahlavi script, which were compiled in the 9th and the 10th centuries CE.

• MĪKĀL DYNASTY

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀL-E MĪKĀL.

• MILĀN

  Pierre Oberling

  a Kurdish tribe in western Persian Azerbaijan.

• MILLET

  Cross-Reference

  See ARZAN.

• MINARET

  W. Kleiss

  (manāra), a tower, usually attached to a mosque, from which the muezzin (moʾaḏḏen) summons Muslims to prayer. In Arabic, manāra originally denotes a lighthouse or signaling tower at sea. The minaret was not part of the architecture of the early Islamic period. It appeared first in the 8th and 9th centuries.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• MINBĀŠIĀN, Ḡolām-Ḥosayn

  Morteżā Ḥoseyni Dehkordi and EIr

  violinist, pianist, and conductor (1907-1978).

• MINING IN IRAN

  Multiple Authors

  i. Mines and Mineral Resources, ii. Mineral Industries

• MINING IN IRAN i. MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES

  Mansur Qorbani and Anoshirvan Kani

  The ancient and pre-modern period is evidenced by abandoned mines,  which can be grouped into three categories based on the materials extracted: (1) mines of metallic ores: iron, copper, gold, lead, zinc, and silver; (2) non-metallic mines and quarries of china clay (used in ceramic and tile making), gel-e saršuy (a variety of bentonite used as soap), and bentonite and serpentine (used in clayware); (3) mines of precious and semi-precious stones.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.