Table of Contents

• MASʿUD-E SAʿD-E SALMĀN

  Sunil Sharma

  (b. Lahore 1046-49?; d. 1121-22), Persian poet of the later Ghaznavid period. The first major Indo-Persian poet, Masʿud-e Saʿd-e Salmān is best known for the poetry he wrote in prison and in exile.

• MASʿUDI

  Michael Cooperson

  a tenth-century geographer and historian and an important source of information on pre-Islamic and early Islamic Iran.

• MĀSULA

  Marcel Bazin

  township and district (baḵš) in western Gilān.

• MATHESON, Sylvia Anne

  Yolande Crowe

  (1916-2006), writer, traveler and archeologist, especially remembered for her pioneering work, Persia: An Archaeological Guide, first published in 1972.

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• MAWDUD B. MASʿUD

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  sultan of the Ghaznavid dynasty, recorded on his coins with the honorifics Šehāb-al-Din wa’l-Dawla and Qoṭb-al-Mella.

• MAWLAWI, ʿAbd-al-Raḥim Maʿdumi

  Keith Hitchins

  (1806-1882/83), a leading Kurdish poet of the 19th century who wrote in the Gurāni dialect of southeastern Kurdistan. He benefited from the support of Sufi shaikhs, who were generous patrons of writers and scholars. Mawlawi also formed long-lasting relationships with leaders of the Jaf tribe, who were prominent in Kurdish public life.

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• MAYMANA

  cross-reference

  See FĀRYĀB.

• MECQUENEM, ROLAND DE

  Laurianne Martinez-Sève

  (1877-1957), French archeologist, director of the excavations of the Mission Archèologique de Susiane at Susa from 1913 to 1946.

• MEDḤAT PASHA

  Necati Alkan

  A liberal Ottoman statesman of the 19th century, who served both as provincial governor and grand vizier (b. Istanbul, 18 October 1822; d. Ṭāʾef, 8 May 1884).

• MEDIA

  M. Dandamayev and I. Medvedskaya

  ancient population region (from the end of the 2nd millennium BCE) and kingdom in northwestern Iran.