Table of Contents

• EMIRATES OF THE PERSIAN GULF

  Cross-Reference

  See UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.

• EMLĀ BOḴĀRĀʾĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  Jirí Bečka

  b. ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn (b. 1688, Sangārak, Afghanistan; d. 1749, Bukhara), Sufi poet of Arab descent.

• EMMERICK, RONALD ERIC

  Mauro Maggi

  (1937-2001), distinguished Australian scholar of the ancient civilizations and languages of Iran, India, and Tibet.

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• EMPLOYMENT

  M. Amani

  economic activity in which one engages and employs his or her time and energy. One of the major factors contributing to the growth of services is the considerable number of people working for the government.

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• EMRĀNĪ

  David Yeroushalmi

  the name or most likely the penname (taḵalloṣ) of the fifteenth century Jewish-Persian poet of Isfahan and Kāšān.

• EMTĪĀZĀT

  Cross-Reference

  See CONCESSIONS.

• EN ISLAM IRANIEN, ASPECTS SPIRITUELS ET PHILOSOPHIQUES

  Daryush Shayegan

  (4 vols., Paris, 1971-73), the magnum opus of Henry Corbin, consisting of essays summarizing most of the major themes that defined his scholarly career and revealing his intellectual grasp of Persian philosophical thought.

• ENAMEL

  EIr, Layla S. Diba

  a heat-fused glass paste colored by metal oxides and used to decorate metal surfaces. Enamel was associated with lapidary, glassworking, and goldmithing crafts and was probably used primarily in place of precious stones before the 17th century.

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• ʿENĀYAT, ḤAMĪD

  Ahmad Ashraf

  (1932-82), political scientist and translator.

• ʿENĀYAT-ALLĀH

  Sheila S. Blair

  Timurid builder or tile maker of the 15th century.