Table of Contents

• ARMY v. Pahlavi Period

  M. J. Sheikh-ol-Islami

  the achievement of Reżā Khan in building a modern military force is noteworthy, though the absence of an earlier development of military norms and institutions should not be exaggerated.

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• ARMY vi. In Afghanistan from 1919

  L. Dupree

  Using Turkish advisers, Amānallāh Khan (r. 1919-29)  unsuccessfully tried to create a nationalist-oriented army.

• ARNAVĀZ

  A. Sh. Shahbazi

  one of the mythical king Jamšēd’s sisters.

• ARNOLD, THOMAS WALKER

  B. W. Robinson

  , Sir (1864-1930), British orientalist.

• ARPA KHAN

  P. Jackson

  10th Il-khan of Iran (r. 736/1335-36).

• ARRAJĀN

  H. Gaube

  medieval city and province in southwestern Iran between Ḵūzestān and Fārs.

• ARRĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a region of eastern Transcaucasia.

• ARRIAN

  M. L. Chaumont

  Greek historian (2nd cent. A.D.).

• ARROWS in Eastern Iran

  Boris A. Litvinsky

  came in use along with the bow, and the two developed in parallel. In the Bronze Age in eastern Iran, metal arrowheads of bronze were widespread, while skillfully made stone arrowheads, inherited from the earlier period, remained in use. 

• ARSACIDS

  A. Sh. Shahbazi, K. Schippmann, M. Alram, M. Boyce, A. Sh. Shahbazi, A. Sh. Shahbazi, C. Toumanoff

   (Persian Aškānīān), Parthian dynasty which ruled Iran from ca. 250 B.C. to ca. 226 A.D.

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