Table of Contents

  • ARCHIVES i. Turkish archives concerning Iran

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

    It is evident that the archive material of the Ottoman Empire was very well maintained, already from the early times. However, a number of older documents were destroyed by Timur (d. 1405) during his conquest of Bursa, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire, after the battle of Ankara in 1402.

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  • ARD

    Cross-Reference

    (Pahlavi; Manichean Middle Persian ʾyrd). See AHRIŠWANG, AŠI. 

  • ARD YAŠT

    P. O. Skjærvø

    Middle Persian name of the Avestan hymn dedicated to Aši.

  • ARDĀ WĪRĀZ

    Ph. Gignoux

    “Wīrāz the just,”  principal character of the Zoroastrian Middle Persian text Ardā Wīrāz-nāmag.

  • ARDABĪL

    C. E. Bosworth, X. de Planhol, M. E. Weaver, M. Medley

    town and district in northeastern Azerbaijan.

  • ARDABIL v. Population, 1956-2011

    Mohammad Hossein Nejatian

    the population growth from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, and economic activity status for 2006 and/or 2011.

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  • ARDABĪL CARPET

    M. Beattie

    a name applied chiefly to a Persian carpet acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1893, which is significant for its outstanding quality of design and weaving and for the precise date it carries. A second, almost identical carpet is less well known; it was presented by the late J. Paul Getty to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1953.

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  • ARDABĪLĪ

    W. Madelung

    known as MOQADDAS and MOḤAQQEQ ARDABĪLĪ, Imamite theologian and jurist of the early Safavid age. 

  • ARDAHANG

    Cross-Reference

    See ARŽANG.

  • ARDAKĀN-E FĀRS

    C. E. Bosworth

    a small upland town of the ostān of Fārs.

  • ARDAKĀN-E YAZD

    C. E. Bosworth

    a town of central Persia on the present Yazd-Ardestān-Kāšān road along the southern edge of the Dašt-e Kavīr, forty miles northwest of Yazd.

  • ARDAKĀNĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN

    D. MacEoin

    known as Ḥāǰǰī Amīn and Amīn-e Elāhī, one of the four Ayādī-e Amr Allāh appointed by Bahāʾallāh as leaders of the Bahaʾi movement in Iran.

  • ARDALĀN, ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN

    Cross-Reference

    See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ARDALĀN.

  • ARDAMITRA

    Cross-Reference

    See ARDAŠĪR SAKĀNŠĀH.

  • ARDAŠĪR

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    name of several figures in the Šāh-nāma.

  • ARDAŠĪR B. DAYLAMSOPĀR

    cross-reference

    See ABU’L-ḤAYJĀ NAJMĪ.

  • ARDAŠĪR BĀBAKĀN

    H. Gaube

    Sasanian and early Islamic district (ostān) formed in the early 7th century south of Baghdad and west of the Tigris. Its capital was Weh-Ardašīr (Ar. Bahrasīr).

  • ARDAŠĪR I

    Multiple Authors

    (d. 242 CE), the founder of the Sasanian empire. 

  • ARDAŠĪR I i. History

    Joseph Wiesehöfer

    by 224 extended his sway over Persis and beyond into Elymais (Ḵūzestān) and Kermān, forcing to submission many local kings and vassals of the Parthians. The extent of his original realm cannot be determined precisely.

  • ARDAŠĪR I ii. Rock reliefs

    H. Luschey

    The first Sasanian ruler Ardašīr I established the Sasanian tradition of rock carving, which flourished until the reign of Šāpūr III and made an impressive resurgence under Ḵosrow II. Ardašīr’s rock reliefs differ markedly from the few preserved Parthian specimens (as do his coins) and foreshadow a new monumental form.

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