Table of Contents

• ARDAVĀN

  Cross-Reference

  (ARDAWĀN). See ARTABANUS.

• ARDERIKKA

  R. Schmitt

  name of two ancient villages.

• ARDESTĀN

  X. De Planhol, R. Hillenbrand

  a town of central Iran between Kāšān and Nāʾīn.

• ARDESTĀNI

  P. Lecoq

  the dialect spoken in the small town of Ardestān.

• ARDESTĀNĪ, ʿALĪ-AKBAR ḤOSAYNĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿALĪ AKBAR ḤOSAYNĪ ARDESTĀNĪ.

• ARDUMANIŠ

  P. Lecoq

  a Persian, son of Vahauka.

• ARDWAHIŠT

  M. Boyce

  one of the six great Aməša Spəntas who, with Ahura Mazdā and/or his Holy Spirit, make up the Zoroastrian Heptad. Of the six, Aša has the clearest pre-Zoroastrian antecedents.

• ARDWAHIŠT YAŠT

  M. Boyce

  (ORDĪBEHEŠT YAŠT), the third in the series of Avestan hymns addressed to individual divinities. It is devoted to one of the greatest of the Zoroastrian Aməša Spəntas, Aša Vahišta.

• ARDWĪSŪR

  Cross-Reference

  See ANĀHĪD.

• ARDWĪSŪR YAŠT

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀBĀN YAŠT.

• ARƎDVĪ SŪRĀ

  Cross-Reference

  See ANĀHĪD.

• ʿĀREF QAZVĪNĪ

  J. Matīnī, M. Caton

  ABU’L-QĀSEM (ca. 1300-1352/1882-1934), poet, musician, and singer during and after the Constitutional Revolution. 

• ʿĀREFĪ HERAVĪ

  Z. Safa

  a poet of the 9th/15th century contemporary with the Timurid Šāhroḵ.

• AREIA

  Cross-Reference

  See HERAT.

• ARƎJAṰ.ASPA

  cross-reference

  See ARJĀSP.

• ʿĀREŻ

  C. E. Bosworth

  the official in medieval eastern Islamic states who had charge of the administrative side of the military forces, being especially concerned with payment, recruitment, training, and inspection.

• ARFAʿ, ḤASAN

  F. Azimi

  Iranian general, born in Tiflis in 1895, the eldest son of the veteran diplomat Prince Reżā Arfaʿ.

• ARG

  J. R. Perry

  (or ARK), the inner fortress or citadel of a walled city.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ARG-E ʿALĪŠĀH

  K. Afsar

  the remains of the Masǰed-e ʿAlīšāh, a colossal mosque built in Tabrīz.

• ARG-E KARĪM KHAN

  K. Afsar

  citadel built by the Zand ruler Karīm Khan (1163-93/1750-79).