Table of Contents

• ABŪ ESḤĀQ ĪNJŪ

  J. W. Limbert

  (721-58/1321-59), ruler of Fārs, ʿErāq ʿAǰam (Isfahan), and parts of southern Iran, 743-55/1343-54.

• ABŪ ESḤĀQ KĀZARŪNĪ

  B. Lawrence

  Sufi and eponymous founder of the Kāzarūnīya/Esḥāqīya order.

• ABŪ ESḤĀQ NAẒẒĀM

  J. van Ess

  famous adīb and Muʿtazilite theologian.

• ABŪ ESḤĀQ ŠĀMĪ

  Mutiul Imam

  founder and eminent early saint of the Češtī order (3rd-4th/9th-10th century).

• ABŪ ḤAFṢ ḤADDĀD

  J. Chabbi

  an ascetic who was born and lived in Nīšāpūr, d. between 265/874 and 270/879.

• ABŪ ḤAFṢ SOḠDĪ

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  one of the so-called “first poets” in New Persian.

• ABŪ ḤĀMED TORKA

  Fazlur Rahman

  scholar and author of the late 7th/13th and early 8th/14th centuries, the first in a line of prominent men of the Torka-ye Eṣfahānī family.

• ABŪ ḤAMZA ḴORĀSĀNĪ

  B. Reinert

  (d. 290/903), Sufi born and active in Nīšāpūr.

• ABŪ ḤANĪFA

  U. F. ʿAbd-Allāh

  (80-150/699-767), eponym of the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law—the largest of the four primary Sunni schools of law

• ABŪ ḤANĪFA ESKĀFĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ESKĀFĪ, ABŪ ḤANĪFA.

• ABŪ HĀŠEM ʿABDALLĀH

  T. Nagel

   ʿAlid figure in Shiʿite tradition.

• ABŪ ḤĀTEM RĀZĪ

  H. Halm

  Ismaʿili dāʿī (missionary) and author of the 4th/10th century.

• ABŪ ḤAYYĀN TAWḤĪDĪ

  W. M. Watt

  an outstanding man of letters and essayist of the Buyid period.

• ABŪ ʿĪSĀ EṢFAHĀNĪ

  J. Lassner

  founder of the ʿĪsāwīya, an obscure Jewish sect in Islamic times.

• ABŪ ʿĪSĀ WARRĀQ

  W. M. Watt

  heretical theologian of the 3rd/9th century.

• ABŪ JAʿFAR B. AḤMAD

  D. Pingree

  mid- to late 3rd/9th century astronomer, son of a famous astronomer from Marv.

• ABŪ JAʿFAR ḴĀZEN

  D. Pingree

  astronomer (ca. 287/900-probably 360/970).

• ABŪ ḴĀLĪJĀR ʿEMĀD-AL-DĪN MARZBĀN

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿEMĀD-AL-DĪN MARZBĀN.

• ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (I)

  C. E. Bosworth

  second son of the Kakuyid amir of Jebāl, ʿAlāʾ-al-dawla Moḥammad b. Došmanzīār, ruled in Hamadān and parts of what are now Kurdistan and Luristan, 433-37/1041-42 to 1045, d. 443/1051-52.

• ABŪ KĀLĪJĀR GARŠĀSP (II)

  C. E. Bosworth

  member of the Dailamite dynasty of the Kakuyids (d. 536/1141?).

• ABŪ LOʾLOʾA

  Ch. Pellat

  a Persian slave of Moḡīra b. Šoʿba, the governor of Baṣra, who assassinated the caliph ʿOmar b. al-Ḵaṭṭāb, on Wednesday, 26 Ḏu’l-ḥeǰǰa 23/2 November 644.

• ABŪ MANṢŪR ʿABD-AL-RAZZĀQ

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  a dehqān (landowner) of Ṭūs, official under the Samanids, and patron of a lost prose Šāh-nāma (Šāh-nāma-ye Abū Manṣūrī).

• ABŪ MANṢŪR FARĀMARZ

  C. E. Bosworth

  eldest son of the Kakuyid amir of Jebāl, ʿAlāʾ-al-dawla Moḥammad b. Došmanzīār.

• ABŪ MANṢŪR HERAVĪ

  L. Richter-Bernburg

  (fl. ca. 370-80/980-90), author of the oldest preserved Persian text on materia medica, Ketāb al-abnīa ʿan ḥaqāʾeq al-adwīa.

• ABŪ MANṢŪR MAʿMARĪ

  Dj. Khalegi-Motlagh

  minister (dastūr) of Abū Manṣūr b. ʿAbd-al-Razzāq (d. 350/961), a military commander of Khorasan under the Samanids.

• ABŪ MANṢŪR ṬŪSĪ

  D. Pingree

  mathematician.

• ABŪ MAʿŠAR

  D. Pingree

  astronomer and astrologer, born in Balḵ on 20 Ṣafar 171/10 August 787. 

• ABŪ MOSLEM EṢFAHĀNĪ

  Wilferd Madelung

  secretary, official, man of letters, and Muʿtazilite Koran commentator, b. 254/868, probably in Isfahan.

• ABŪ MOSLEM ḴORĀSĀNĪ

  Ḡ. Ḥ. Yūsofī

  prominent leader in the ʿAbbasid cause. 

• ABŪ MOṬĪʿ AL-BALḴĪ

  L. A. Giffen

  faqīh, judge, and traditionist, disciple of Abū Ḥanīfa, died 183/799 in Balḵ.

• ABU MUSĀ i - ii

  E. Ehlers

  island in the Persian Gulf.

• ABU MUSĀ iii

  Guive Mirfendereski

  (Bu Musā), a small island in the eastern Persian Gulf (25°52′ N, 55°2′ E).

• ABŪ MŪSĀ AŠʿARĪ

  G. R. Hawting

  a Companion of the Prophet and important participant in the troubles which occupied the caliphate of ʿAlī. 

• ABŪ MŪSĀ MORDĀR

  J. van Ess

  theologian and ascetic, early representative of the Baghdad branch of the Moʿtazela (d. 226/840-41).

• ABŪ NAṢR AḤMAD

  C. E. Bosworth

  Samanid amir in Transoxania and Khorasan (295-301/907-14).

• ABŪ NAṢR AL-ESMĀʿĪLĪ

  W. M. Watt

  an alleged teacher of Abū Ḥāmed Ḡazālī (450-505/1058-1111).

• ABŪ NAṢR FĀMĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  (472-546/1079-1151), local historian of Herat in the Saljuq period.

• ABŪ NAṢR FĀRĀBĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See FĀRĀBĪ, ABŪ NAṢR.

• ABŪ NAṢR FĀRSĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Official, soldier and poet of the Ghaznavid empire, flourished in the second half of the 5th/11th century during the reigns of the sultans Ebrāhīm b. Masʿūd I and Masʿūd III b. Ebrāhīm.

• ABŪ NAṢR MANṢŪR

  D. Pingree

  mathematician and astronomer, born probably in Gīlān about 349/960.

• ABŪ NAṢR MOŠKĀN

  H. Moayyad

  head of the Ghaznavid chancery under Maḥmūd and Masʿūd from 401/1011-12 till his death in 431/1039-40.

• ABŪ NAṢR MOSTAWFĪ

  K. A. Luther

  well-known official of the Saljuqs of Iraq.

• ABŪ NAṢR ʿOTBĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿOTBĪ, ABŪ NAṢR.

• ABŪ NOʿAYM AL-EṢFAHĀNĪ

  W. Madelung

  famous traditionist and author of the collection of Sufi biographies Ḥelyat al-awlīāʾ.

• ABŪ ʿOBAYDA MAʿMAR

  C. E. Bosworth

  Arabic philologist and grammarian (probably 110-209/728-824, but the sources have other, slightly different dates).

• ABŪ ʿOṮMĀN RABĪʿA

  L. A. Giffen

  often called RABĪʿAT-AL-RAʾY, important lawyer of the ancient school of Medina and transmitter of Traditions from Companions of the Prophet, died 136/753. 

• ABŪ RAJĀʾ ḠAZNAVĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ḠAZNAVĪ, ABŪ RAJĀʾ.

• ABŪ RAŠĪD NĪSĀBŪRĪ

  D. W. Madelung

  Muʿtazilite scholar. He was probably born not later than 360/970.

• ABŪ SAʿD TOSTARĪ

  S. D. Goitein

  businessman and quasi-vizier in Fatimid Egypt, d. 439/1047.

• ABŪ SAHL ḤAMDOWĪ

  Ḡ. Ḥ. Yūsofī

  Ghaznavid official of the 4th-5th/11th century.