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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (6) Old Iranian Languages
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Proto-Iranian split into at least four distinct dialect groups, characterized, among other things, by the typical developments of the palatal affricates and the groups.
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KAYĀNIĀN vi. Siiāuuaršan, Siyāwaxš, Siāvaš
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Siiāuuaršan, “the one with black stallions,” is listed in the Avesta in Yašt 13.132 as a kauui and the third with a name containing aršan “male.”
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KHOTAN
Multiple Authors
town (lat 37°06′ N, long 79°56′ E) and major oasis of the southern Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, historically an important kingdom with an Iranian-speaking population.
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KAYĀNIĀN
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
(Kayanids), in the early Persian epic tradition a dynasty that ruled Iran before the Achaemenids, all of whom bore names prefixed by Kay from Avestan kauui.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (4) Origins Of The Iranian Languages
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
General historical surveys of the Iranian languages.
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KAYĀNIĀN xi. The Kayanids and the Kang-dez
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
According to the Pahlavi texts, Kay Siāwaxš built the Kang castle (Kang-diz) by miraculous power (Pahlavi Rivāyat: with his own hands, by means of the [Kavian] xwarrah and the might of Ohrmazd and the Amahrspands).
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KAYĀNIĀN xii. The Kavian XˇARƎNAH
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The nature of the Avestan xᵛarənah and its three subtypes, the Aryan (airiiana), the “unseizable” (? axᵛarəta), and the Kavian (kāuuaiia).
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BUN-XĀNAG
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
term in the inscriptions of Kirdīr at Naqš-e Rostam (KKZ and KNRm), variously interpreted.
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KAYĀNIĀN xiii. Synchronism of the Kayanids and Near Eastern History
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The desire of the medieval historians to fit all the ancient narratives into one and the same chronological description of world history from the creation led them to coordinate the Biblical, Classical, and Iranian sources.
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KARSĪVAZ
Prods Oktor Skjærvø, Mahmoud Omidsalar
in the old Iranian epic tradition the brother of the Turanian king, Afrāsiāb, and the man most responsible for the murder of the Iranian prince Siāvaš.
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HAJIABAD i. INSCRIPTIONS
Philippe Gignoux
The Hajiabad inscriptions in Parthian and Middle Persian were discovered in 1818 in a grotto a few kilometers north of Persepolis. This text describes a feat of archery by King Šāpūr I performed in the presence of kings and princes, of the grandees and the nobles.
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KAYĀNIĀN iii. Kauui Kauuāta, Kay Kawād, Kay Kobād (Qobād)
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Kauui Kauuāta has no epithets in the Avesta to describe him, and the descriptions in the Pahlavi sources are mostly vague. His seed is from the xwarrah; he was the first to establish kingship in Iran; he was godfearing and a good ruler. According to a notice in the Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr, he may have married Wan, daughter of Gulaxš.
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IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The term “Iranian language” is applied to any language which is descended from a proto-Iranian parent language (unattested by texts) spoken, presumably, in Central Asia in the late 3rd to early 2nd millennium BCE.
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HAMĒSTAGĀN
Philippe Gignoux
a word of uncertain etymology, used in Pahlavi literature to designate the intermediate stage between paradise and hell.
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KAYĀNIĀN i. Kavi: Avestan kauui, Pahlavi kay
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Kavi is the Indo-Iranian term for “(visionary) poet.” The term may be older than Indo-Iranian, if Lydian kaveś and the Samothracean title cited by Hesychius as koíēs or kóēs are related.
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HOMOSEXUALITY i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Zoroastrian literature contains discussions of personal relations only in legal contexts and is quite explicit with regard to sins of a sexual nature.
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CLASS SYSTEM i. In the Avesta
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The evidence for the existence of a highly developed class structure in the community in which the Avestan texts were composed is very slight, and the available information must be culled from sources chronologically as far apart as the Avesta itself and the Pahlavi texts.
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RUDĀBA
A. Shapur Shahbazi
princess of Kabul, wife of Zāl, and mother of Rostam in the Šāh-nāma.
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KAYĀNIĀN iv. “Minor” Kayanids
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
The Avesta contains no information on Aipi.vahu, Aršan, Pisinah, and Biiaršan, but, according to the Pahlavi tradition, Abīweh was the son of Kawād and the father of Arš, Biyarš (spelled <byʾlš>), Pisīn, and Kāyus.
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KAYĀNIĀN x. The End of the Kayanids
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
In the Pahlavi texts. The Bundahišn only records that, when Wahman, son of Spandyād, came to the throne, Iran was a wasteland, and the Iranians were quarreling with one another.