Search Results for “Iranian Celebrations”

• MEHRAGĀN

  Simone Cristoforetti

  an Iranian festival apparently dedicated to the god Miθra/Mehr, occurring also in onomastics and toponymy.

• FESTIVALS

  Multiple Authors

  This article discusses religious or communal festivals and commemorations, ancient and modern, of diverse communities in Persia and Afghanistan.

• FERDOWSI, ABU’L-QĀSEM v. HOMAGES TO FERDOWSI

  EIr

  Ever since the appearance of the Šāh-nāma, Ferdowsī has been held in high esteem, and many poets have referred to him and his work, the best known being Saʿdī’s tribute in the Būstān to “Ferdowsī-ye pāk-zād.” 

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• CLEARCHUS

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (b. ca. 390 or 410 BCE, the latter date based on Memnon’s report of his age as fifty-eight years at his death in 352), tyrant of Pontic Heracleia (modern Ereğli) in 363-52 BCE.

• BARRASĪHĀ-YE TĀRĪḴĪ

  N. Parvīn

  journal of historical studies of Iran, 1966-78. Some of the articles, particularly those bearing on the eighteenth and nineteenth cen­turies and descriptive geography, were well researched and original. The journal also published a number of historical documents.

• FESTIVALS ix. Assyrian

  WILLIAM PIROYAN and EDEN NABY

  The adoption of Christianity by the Assyrians in the latter part of the 1st century led to the harmonization of older community celebrations and commemorations with Christian doctrine as well as the introduction of specifically Christian religious holidays.

• ʿABD-AL-BĀQĪ YAZDĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  Safavid official and poet skilled in calligraphy, killed at the battle of Čālderān in Raǰab 920/August 1514.

• ČŪB BĀZĪ

  Robyn C. Friend

  a category of folk dance found all over Persia (Hamada) and distinguished from other types of folk dance by the fact that the dancers carry sticks, which they strike together.

• BADĪHA-SARĀʾĪ

  F. R. C. Bagley

  composition and utterance of something improvised (badīh), usually in verse. Among the Arabs, poetic improvisation was practiced and admired from pre-Islamic times. Among the Iranians, it has been a mark of poetical talent and skill.

• FESTIVALS ii. MANICHEAN

  Werner Sundermann

  The Manichean calendar of holidays proves independence from that of the Zoroastrians. Even if the heptavalent number of the Manichean Yimkis was correlated to the Zoroastrian gāhānbār and Nowrūz

• HAMĀZŌR

  Mary Boyce and F. M. Kotwal

  a Zoroastrian Persian adjective “of the same strength” which occurs only in a formula of greeting, in ritual uses accompanied by the giving of hands.

• BEHEŠT-E ZAHRĀʾ

  Hamid Algar

  the chief cemetery of Teh­ran and principal shrine of the Islamic Revolution of 1357 Š./1978-79.

• KÖROĞLU ii. PERFORMANCE ASPECTS

  Ameneh Youssefzadeh

  The traditional venues for the performance of the Köroǧlu/Goroḡli epic are life-cycle celebrations, private gatherings, and teahouses. In Azerbaijan and northern Khorasan, from the 17th century up to the Islamic Revolution of 1978, teahouses played a pivotal role in the diffusion and the preservation of the epic.

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• BĪRŪNĪ, ABŪ RAYḤĀN vii. History of Religions

  François de Blois

  In this article some of his remarks on pre-Islamic Iranian religions, on Christian­ity and Judaism, and on Muslim sects will be discussed.

• PIŠ-PARDA

  William O. Beeman

  a short comedy sketch, musical number, or dance performed before the main theatrical performance, or in an intermission between acts of a performance.

• SOFRA

  Mahmoud Omidslalar

  a piece of cloth that is spread on the floor, and on which dishes of food are placed at meal times.

• MIR-E NOWRUZI

  Michèle Epinette

  The carnivalesque ritual of electing a commoner to rule for a period of one to five days over the country; The custom of the “false emir” or “Nowruz ruler” leading a procession through the city has been traced back to pre-Islamic Nowruz, the traditional Persian New Year.

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• BOZKAŠĪ

  G. Whitney Azoy

  (lit. “goat-dragging”), an equestrian folk game played by Turkic groups in Central Asia. Its origins are obscure; quite probably the game first developed as a recreational extension of livestock raiding.

• CONGRATULATIONS

  Žāla Āmūzgār

  the custom of conveying congratulations on such happy occasions as the birth of a child, a birthday anniversary, a marriage, a coronation, or a national or religious festival.

• AZERBAIJAN xi. Music of Azerbaijan

  J. During

  Iranian elements in the development of the Azeri tradition were numerous, as is shown by modern terminology (čahār meżrāb, bardāšt), as well as by certain pieces in the repertoire.

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• BAHRĀMĪ, FARAJ-ALLĀH

  M. Amānat

  (1878/79?-1951), DABĪR AʿẒAM, Reżā Shah’s personal secretary and an early supporter who played a key role in Reżā Shah’s control of absolute power.

• IRANIAN STUDIES

  Cross-Reference

  See under the names of individual countries and universities.

• CHINESE TURKESTAN

  Multiple Authors

  (Sinkiang, Xinjiang), IRANIAN ELEMENTS IN.

• Iranian National March

  music sample

• BĀḠ iii. In Persian Literature

  W. L. Hanaway

  Bāḡ appears both as an object of description and as the prime source of nature imagery in Persian literature. 

• INDO-IRANIAN LANGUAGES

  cross-reference

  See IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS.

• BĪDĀRĪ-E ĪRĀNĪĀN, TĀRĪḴ-E

  cross-reference

  See TĀRĪḴ-E BĪDĀRĪ-E ĪRĀNĪĀN.

• IRANIAN IDENTITY v. POST-REVOLUTIONARY ERA

  Cross-Reference

  Iranian identity during the post-revolutionary era will be discussed in a future online entry.

• CHRONICLE OF ARBELA

  Peter Kawerau

  a Syriac church history of Adiabene, written in the 6th century by Mĕšīḥā-Zĕḵā. A remarkable account from the Parthian period is that of the Feast of the Magi in the month of Iyyār. Equally noteworthy is the account of the fall of the Arsacids and the beginning of the reign of the Sasanians in 224.

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• ĀB

  Multiple Authors

  Persian word meaning “water.”

• FERDOWSI, ABU’L-QĀSEM iv. MILLENARY CELEBRATION

  A. Shahpur Shahbazi

  Already in 1922 Moḥammad-Taqī Bahār, the most influential poet of the time and a politician-journalist, urged Reżā Khan (later Reżā Shah), who had recently seized power, to prove his asserted nationalism by celebrating Ferdowsī.

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• MOḤAMMAD B. BOZORG-OMID

  Farhad Daftary

  the third lord of Alamut. He had been designated as heir by his father, Kiā Bozorg-Omid, only three days earlier.  Moḥammad duly received the allegiance of all the Nezāri territories in Persia and Syria.

• ANGLO-IRANIAN WAR

  Cross-Reference

  See ANGLO-PERSIAN WAR.

• RUSSIA

  Multiple Authors

  I. Russo-Iranian Relations up to the Bolshevik Revolution. II. Iranian-Soviet Relations (1917-1991). III. Travelers in Persia to 1917. IV. Russians at the court of Moḥammad-ʿAli Shah.

• IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (2) In Pre-Islamic Iran

  Gernot Windfuhr

  Of the three known pre-Islamic languages (Urartian, Kassite, and Elamite), only Urartian and Elamite are fairly well known.

• ĀŠBANAKKUŠ

  M. Mayrhofer

  name of an Iranian in the Persepolis Fortification Tablets.

• ANGLO-IRANIAN RELATIONS

  Multiple Authors

  This series of articles covers relations between England and Iran from the Safavid to the Pahlavi periods. 

• Šeydā

  Margaret Caton

  the pen name of Mirzā ʿAli-Akbar Širāzi (b. Shiraz, 1259/1843; d. Tehran at the Ṣafi ʿAlišāh ḵānaqāh, 1324/1906), a Persian musician regarded as the most important composer of the lyrical popular song (taṣnif) in the late Qajar period.

• CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS

  Multiple Authors

  This series of articles deals with Chinese-Iranian relations spanning from Pre-Islamic times to the Constitutional Revolution in Iran.

• ḴEṬĀY-NĀMA

  RALPH KAUZ

  “Book on China,” written by Seyyed ʿAlī Akbar Ḵeṭāʾī in Istanbul.

• SADA FESTIVAL

  Anna Krasnowolska

  the most important Iranian winter festival, celebrated by kindling fires.

• NOWRUZ iii. In the Iranian Calendar

  Simone Cristoforetti

  The day Hormoz (the first day of any Persian month) of the month of Farvardin is the New Year day in the Persian calendar; at present it coincides with the day of the vernal equinox.

• DAYR

  QAMAR ĀRYĀN

  monastery; in early Islamic Arabic and Persian literature usually a building in which Christian monks (rāheb) lived and worshiped.

• IRANIAN STUDIES, SOCIETY FOR

  Cross-Reference

  See SOCIETY FOR IRANIAN STUDIES.

• FARROḴĪ YAZDĪ

  Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak

  (1889-1939), journalist and poet and an early advocate of socialist revolution in Persia.

• DANISH-IRANIAN RELATIONS

  Cross-Reference

  See DENMARK.

• GOTTHEIL, RICHARD JAMES HORATIO

  Dagmar Riedel

  Gottheil’s tenure at the New York Public Library (NYPL) is of relevance to the field of Iranian studies because he oversaw the development of its Near Eastern and Asian collections, first as Chief of Semitica and Orientalia (1897-1901), and afterwards as Chief of the Oriental Division.

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• PROSODY

  Multiple Authors

  systems, styles, and theories of versification in the Iranian world.

• IRAN

  Multiple Authors

  The following sub-entries will provide an overview of the unifying factors which constitute Iran through time and across space, while also showing the complexity and heterogeneity of the components of Iranian culture.

• ANGLO-IRANIAN AGREEMENT

  Cross-Reference

  See ANGLO-PERSIAN AGREEMENT.