KERMAN iii. POPULATION

 

KERMAN

iii. POPULATION

This article is divided into three sections: (1) Population of Kerman province; (2) Population of Kerman sub-province; and (3) Population of the city of Kerman.

POPULATION OF KERMAN PROVINCE

Boundaries. The boundaries of Kerman province have changed since the first national census of population in 1956. The sub-province of Bandar ʿAbbās (now the capital of Hormozgān province), was included in this province in the 1956 census but was separated from it by 1966. The province was further modified during 1976-1986, when Herāt, Marvast, and a part of Dehaj districts were separated from Šahr-e Bābak, a sub-province (šahrestān) of Kerman province, and annexed to Mehriz sub-province in Yazd province. In the same period, the East Bašāgerd districts in Jiroft sub-province and six other villages (in Kahnuj sub-province) were separated from Kerman province and added to Mināb sub-province in Hormozgān. Due to these changes, the total land area of Kerman province, which was 193,978 km2 in the 1966 and 1976 censuses, was reduced to 185,657 km2 in 1986 (Zanjāni, 1992, pp. 30-35; Zanjāni and Raḥmāni, pp. 2-85), and then to 180,726 km2 in 2006 by the detachment of a section of the Jāz Muriān marsh. Sub-province and district boundaries also have varied over time (Table 1).

Table 1
COUNTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL SUBDIVISIONS,
KERMAN PROVINCE, 1966–2011
Subdivision Census Year
  1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2008 2011
Sub-province 6 8 10 10 16 17 23
District 17 18 23 21 45 46 58
Rural District 119 123 120 141 142 143 151
City 11 13 22 27 57 60 64
Settlement 5,765 6,145 6,428 5,937 5,932 5,936 5,287
Source: For years 1966, 1976 and 1986, Zanjāni et al., 1992, p. 7 ; for years
1996 and 2006, results of the corresponding National Census; for 2008, SCI, 2008a, p. 29.

 

Population and its distribution. Based on the first nationwide population and housing census taken in 1956, the total population of the province was around 789,000 persons (of whom 127,624 then belonged to Bandar ʿAbbās), while in the 2011 population and housing census, it had increased to nearly 2,939,000 (Table 2).

Table 2
POPULATION OF KERMAN
PROVINCE BY URBAN AND
RURAL AREAS, 1956–2011
Year Population** Urban Rural
1956* 789,345 134,574 654,771
1966 761,851 196,476 565,375
1976 1,091,148 350,806 740,342
1986 1,622,958 698,755 882,275
1991 1,862,542 850,529 939,463
1996 2,004,328 922,883 1,060,075
2006 2,652,413 1,552,519 1,089,748
2011 2,938,988 1,689,842 1,242,344
*Including Bandar ʿAbbās sub-province.
**Contradictions between the total population and summation
of the urban and the rural population, for the years 1986 and
thereafter, is due to the fact that unsettled populations are also included in the totals.
Source: For the year 2011, SCI, 2014; for the rest of the years,
SCI, 2008b, p. 92, Table 3-2.

 

In 2011, the population distribution of Kerman province indicates Kerman (capital of the province) as the most, and Kuhbanān as the least, populous sub-province. This can be seen in Table 3, in which absolute and relative population distribution of the province by sub-province are shown. It is worth noting that population concentration in Bāft, Bardsir, Rafsanjān, Sirjān, Kerman, and Kahnuj has been decreasing since 1966, and meanwhile Rāvar, Rudbār-e Janub, ʿAnbarābād, Qalʿa-ganj, Kuhbanān, and Manujān have evolved into sub-province status during the same period.

Table 3
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION OF
KERMAN PROVINCE BY SUB-PROVINCE,
URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, 2011
Sub-Provinces Total Urban Rural Percent Urban Rural
Total 2,938,988 1,689,842 1,242,344 100.00 100.00 100.00
Anār 35,295 17,644 17,651 1.20 1.04 1.42
ʿAnbarābād 85,942 25,397 60,545 2.92 1.50 4.87
Bāft 75,940 37,141 37,870 2.58 2.20 3.05
Bam 195,603 125,764 69,038 6.66 7.44 5.56
Bardsir 73,738 43,957 27,667 2.51 2.60 2.23
Fahraj 68,038 11,939 55,289 2.32 0.71 4.45
Fāryāb 134,417 6,025 28,392 1.17 0.36 2.29
Jiroft 277,748 121,988 155,760 9.45 7.22 12.54
Kahnuj 86,290 43,977 42,313 2.94 2.60 3.41
Kermān 722,484 621,374 101,110 24.58 36.77 8.14
Kuhbanān 21,721 16,648 5,073 0.74 0.99 0.41
Manujān 64,528 19,570 44,958 2.20 1.16 3.62
Narmāšir 58,229 8,216 50,013 1.98 0.49 4.03
Orzuʾia 41,979 7,555 34,424 1.43 0.45 2.77
Qalʿa-ganj 76,376 12,663 63,713 2.60 0.75 5.13
Rābor 34,392 11,657 22,205 1.17 0.69 1.79
Rafsanjān 287,921 171,197 115,114 9.80 10.13 9.27
Rāvar 40,295 22,651 17,644 1.37 1.34 1.42
Rigān 66,335 9,664 56,671 2.26 0.57 4.56
Rudbār-e Janub 104,421 12,223 92,198 3.55 0.72 7.42
Šahr-e Bābak 90,495 64,424 26,071 3.08 3.81 2.10
Sirjān 267,697 208,033 59,653 9.11 12.31 4.80
Zarand 129,104 70,135 58,969 4.39 4.15 4.75
Source: SCI, Census of Population and Housing 2011 (unpublished raw data)..

 

Age and sex composition. Sex ratio (number of men per 100 women) in the population of the province has been somewhat lower than that of the natural value of this ratio (105), which can be interpreted as the results of a low flow of out-migration in the province. Values of this measure were below natural level in the urban areas of the province during 1955-1975 but have risen closer to natural level since 1986. In the rural areas, in which a flow of out-migration is not unusual, the sex ratios are as expected (Table 4).

Table 4
SEX RATIO OF THE POPULATION
OF KERMAN PROVINCE, URBAN
AND RURAL AREAS, 1956–2011
Year Total Urban Rural
1956 100.7  98.9 101.1
1966 102.4 101.6 102.7
1976 101.9 108.0  99.1
1986 102.7 104.5 101.5
1991 104.7 105.8 104.0
1996 103.3 105.4 101.1
2006 104.3 105.0 103.3
2011 104.3 105.0 103.2
Source: For years 1956-2006, calculated based on Table
3-2 of the Kerman statistical yearbook (Sāl-nāma); for the year 2011,
calculated based on Table 4 of SCI, “2011 Census Selected Results—UNFPA Iran,” electronically published, 2014;
available at http://iran.unfpa.org/view_news.asp?id=248.

 

Based on the results of the 2006 and 2011 population censuses, age composition of the province is somewhat younger than that of the entire country (Table 5).

Table 5
AGE COMPOSITION OF KERMAN PROVINCE BY
URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, COMPARED WITH THAT
OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY, 2006 (PERCENT)
Major age group Whole Country Kerman Province
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
All ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 15 25.1 23.7 28.0 28.3 26.8 30.4
15–64 69.7 69.5 65.9 67.0 69.1 63.9
65 and older 5.2 4.8 6.1 4.7 4.1 5.7
Source: SCI, 2009b.

 

It can be observed that the ratio of population in the ages of economic activity in the rural areas is lower than that of the urban areas, which reflects the flow of out-migration in the rural areas. This is more significant in Kerman province than in the entire country. Population of this province is in the beginning stages of aging (Table 6).

Table 6
POPULATION MEAN AND MEDIAN AGE IN
KERMAN PROVINCE IN THE TWO
SUCCESSIVE CENSUSES OF 1996 AND 2006
Measures 1996 2006

 

Male Female Male Female
Mean age 23.21 22.91 26.25 26.26
Median age 18.15 18.15 22.73 22.84
Source: Text taken from SCI, 2009b.

 

Marital status. Review of the results of 2006 population census shows that the marriage prevalence (percentage of married persons in the population up to 50 years of age) for younger ages in Kerman province is considerably lower than in the entire country. This is true for both urban and rural areas (Table 7). Despite these considerable differences, average age at first marriage is more or less the same in Kerman as in the entire country (Table 8).

Table 7
PERCENTAGE OF MARRIED 15- TO 19-YEAR-OLD
WOMEN IN KERMAN PROVINCE COMPARED
WITH THE ENTIRE COUNTRY, 2006
Area Total Urban Rural
Entire country 16.7 14.7 20.7
Kerman province 14.6 12.8 17.3
Source: Calculated by the authors on the basis of
results of the corresponding National Census for 2006.

 

Table 8
AVERAGE AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE IN KERMAN PROVINCE
COMPARED WITH THE ENTIRE COUNTRY,
2006
Area Total Urban Rural
  Male Female Male Female Male Female
Entire country 26.2 23.3 26.5 23.3 25.5 23.4
Kerman province 26.2 23.7 26.5 23.7 25.9 23.8
Source: SCI, 2009b.

 

Age at first marriage, although similar between urban and rural areas, is significantly different in the male and female populations, a difference of 2.5 years on average (urban: 2.8 years, rural: 2.1 years). It can also be noted that there is not much difference between marriage prevalence in Kerman province compared with the entire country: based on the data from 2006 population census, 99 percent of men and 98.6 percent of women in Kerman province were married before the age of 50, analogous, respectively, to 98.7 percent and 98.2 percent in the entire country.

In Kerman province, most first marriages remain permanent throughout the entire life of spouses. The results of the 2006 population census show that, among those married persons who had stated their sequence of marriage(s), around 97 percent (96 percent for men and 98 percent for women) remained married to their first partner (Table 9).

Table 9
MARRIAGE SEQUENCE AMONG MEN
AND WOMEN OF KERMAN PROVINCE,
2006 (PERCENT)
Sequence of marriages Male Female
First marriages 91.7 96.1
Second marriages 3.5 1.8
Third marriages 0.3 0.1
Fourth marriages 0.1 0.0
None stated 4.5 2.0
Source: calculated by the authors, based on the National
Census for 2006 as presented in the fourth session of
the population association of Iran (Anjoman-e jamʿiyat-šenāsi-e Irān,
http://population.ut.ac.ir/pai-objectives.html) by Ms. Ozra Naini (ʿOḏrā Nāʾini).

 

Migration. Based on the results of the 2006 population and housing census, around 365,000 migrants had entered Kerman province or changed their place of residency inside the province between 1996 and 2006. Of these, 43.6 percent had moved intra-sub-province; 29.3 percent, inter-sub-province; 23.9 percent were inter-provincial migrants; 2.9 percent had been born abroad; and 0.3 percent did not state their migration status.

Among all these migrants, 72.7 percent were settled in the urban areas, and 27.3 percent in the rural areas of the province. Considering the urban and rural ratio of the population in the province (58.5 percent and 41.5 percent), it can be seen that the urban areas have attracted migrants more than their weight in the total population.

The migration balance in Kerman province during this period has been negative by 25,126 persons. This is true for both urban (12,658 persons) and rural areas (2,469 persons). Most migration transaction (either in-migration or out-migration) of the province during these ten years have occurred between Kerman and its neighboring provinces of Sistān va Balučestān, Hormozgān, Yazd, and Ḵorāsān-e Rażawi, plus Tehran province. Migration balance of the province, by urban and rural areas, as well as migration status of Kerman province, by sex, origin, and destination of migrations are shown, respectively, in Table 10 and Table 11.

Table 10
MIGRATION BALANCE IN KERMAN
PROVINCE BY SEX AND PLACE OF
RESIDENCE BETWEEN 1996 AND 2006
Place of residence Out-migrants In-migrants
Whole province 380,373 365,247
 Male 208,620 202,317
 Female 171,753 162,930
Urban areas 278,248 265,590
 Male 149,062 145,123
 Female 129,186 120,467
Rural areas 102,126 99,657
 Male 59,558 57,194
 Female 42,568 42,463
Source: Calculated by the authors, based on the data in SCI, 2009b, pp. 71-75.

 

Table 11
IN-MIGRANTS TO KERMAN PROVINCE, BY ORIGIN AND DESTINATION
OF MIGRATION, 1996–2006
Previous Place of Residence Present Place of Residence

 

Total Urban Areas Rural Areas

 

Number % Number % Number %
All in-migrants 365,247 100 265,590 72.70 99,657 27.30
Same sub-province 159,137 100 100,844 63.37 58,293 36.63
 Urban areas 66,177 100 42,742 64.59 23,435 35.41
 Rural Areas 92,960 100 58,102 62.50 34,858 37.50
Other sub-provinces of Kerman Province 107,168 100 87,474 81.62 19,694 18.38
 Urban areas 87,309 100 73,350 84.01 13.959 15.99
 Rural Areas 19,859 100 14,124 71.12 5,735 28.88
Sub-provinces of other provinces 87,427 100 68,530 78.39 18,897 21.61
 Urban areas 80,323 100 63,730 79.34 16,593 20.66
 Rural Areas 7,104 100 4,800 67.57 2,304 32.43
Other countries 10,535 100 8,097 76.86 2,438 23.14
Not stated 980 100 645 65.82 335 34.18
Source: SCI, 2009b, p. 41

 

 

In the distribution of migrants by cause of migration (Table 12), the main reason given for migration in Kerman province during the 10 years before 2006 census was to accompany a family household. Almost 40 percent of migrants had no other reason. Job requirements (including job transfer, looking for work or for better jobs) have been the second main cause of migration (20 percent of migrants).

Table 12
IN-MIGRANTS IN KERMAN PROVINCE BY CAUSE OF
MIGRATION, URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, 1996–2006
Cause of Migration Total Urban Rural
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Looking for work or better work and job transfer 20.4 20.3 21.0
Education and end of education 16.6 19.8 8.0
Military services and its completion 8.4 7.0 12.0
Accompanying household 39.7 38.2 42.9
Other and none stated 14.9 14.7 16.1
Source: SCI, 2009b, p. 41.

 

Urbanization. In Kerman province, the urbanization ratio (that is, the proportion of the population living in areas classed as urban) was 52.89 percent and 58.53 percent in 1996 and 2006, respectively (entire country: 61.3 percent and 68.5 percent). The urbanization ratio varies greatly among the sub-provinces of Kerman. In this period it has been as low as 10.1 percent in Rudbār-e Janub and as high as 84.1 percent in Kerman. This measure has been 17.2 percent in Qalʿa Ganj, 18.4 percent in ʿAnbarābād, 28.4 percent in Manujān, 38.6 percent in Bam, 41.0 percent in Rāvar, 41.7 percent in Bāft, 43.3 percent in Kahnuj, 52.3 percent in Šahr-e Bābak, 54.6 percent in Bardsir, 55.6 percent in Jiroft, 57.3 percent in Zarand—all less than the province level, while the ratio in Kuhbanān (68.3 percent) and Sirjān (76.3 percent) was higher than the province level (based on the results of the 2006 population census, Kerman province, pp. 51- 69, tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3).

Between 1996 and 2006, there were considerable changes in the administrative subdivisions of the province; the number of sub-provinces rose from 10 to 16, and the number of cities from 27 to 57. Thus direct comparison of the results of the two censuses does not clearly indicate the urban-rural shift of the province. In Table 13, the results of the 1996 population census are reformulated in terms of the 2006 definitions of administrative subdivisions. Based on these statistics, the average annual rate of population increase is calculated to be 2.80 percent (instead of 3.08) in the urban areas, and 1.67 percent (instead of 3.07) in the rural areas. The ratio of the urban population was calculated by the authors to be 59.38 percent instead of 52.89 percent. If urban and rural subdivisions had remained unchanged during 1996-2006, then the ratio of the urban population would have remained more or less the same as the 1996 value (Zanjāni et al., 2009, pp. 13-14).

Table 13
POPULATION OF KERMAN PROVINCE AS
ENUMERATED IN THE 1996 CENSUS AND AS
REFORMULATED BASED ON 2006 ADMINISTRATIVE
SUBDIVISIONS
Areas As Enumerated in the Census Reformulated Based on 2006 Administrative Subdivisions
Urban areas 1,060,075 1,177,498
Rural areas 922,883 805,460
Source: Based on the SCI, 2009b, reformulated by the authors according to
the administrative subdivisions of the province in 2006.

 

Classification of cities by population size in 2006 shows that, out of 57 cities of the province, 38 cities had a population less than 10,000 persons; 9 cities, between 10,000 and 25,000; 7 cities, between 25,000 and 100,000; 2 cities, between 100,000 and 250,000; there was only one city with population of more than 500,000. Most of the cities in the province appear to be not more than a small town, with average population size about 27,000 persons in 2006. The average for the entire country is greater by 20,000 (Table 14).

Table 14
POPULATION OF CITIES OF KERMAN PROVINCE, 2006
City Population City Population City Population
Anār 12,909 Ḥosaynābād 4,098 Negār 9,305
ʿAnbarābād 1,901 Jebālbārez 2,650 Neẓāmšahr 1,760
Anduhjerd 2,915 Jiroft 97,988 Nowdež 5,525
Bāft 37,249 Jupār 3,836 Orzuʾia 6,075
Bāḡin 8,081 Kahnuj 40,633 Pāriz 4,622
Bahremān 4,413 Ḵānuk 3,616 Qalʿa-ganj 12,108
Bam 75,215 Kaškuʾia 6,251 Rābor 12,707
Baravāt 15,523 Kāẓemābād 3,618 Rafsanjān 139,219
Bardsir 33,305 Kerman 515,114 Rāvar 23,407
Bezenjān 4,438 Kiānšahr 6,537 Rāyen 9,895
Čatrud 5,678 Kuhbanān 10,457 Reyḥānšahr 4,467
Darb-e Behešt 3,673 Māhān 17,166 Rudbār 8,843
Dehaj 7,760 Manujān 12,587 Šahdād 4,522
Eḵtiārābād 7,519 Mardehak 2,177 Šahr-e Bābak 4,575
Fahraj 6,382 Mes-e Sarčašma 8,482 Sirjān 170,916
Fāryāb 4,869 Mo-ḥam-madābād 5,982 Yazdānšahr 5,052
Golbāft 8,451 Moḥyābād 3,493 Zangiābād 6,688
Golzār 6,167 Najafšahr 6,768 Zarand 56,139
Hejdak 944 Narmāšir 4,242 Zeydābād 5,321
Source: SCI, 2009b.

 

The proportion of the rural population to the total in Kerman province is higher than that for the entire country. This proportion varies considerably between sub-provinces; the highest (89.9 percent) is recorded in Rudbār-e Janub sub-province; and the lowest (15.9 percent), in Kerman sub-province. The absolute number of the rural population also varies greatly among Kerman sub-provinces. Based on the results of the 2006 census, the highest and the lowest umber of the rural population numbers belong to Bam (173,207) and to Kuhbanān (7,885), respectively; the recorded counts for the other sub-provinces are: Rafsanjān, 119,803; Bāft, 84,545: Jiroft, 83,284; Kerman, 80,674; Rāvar, 15,111; Bardsir, 40,488; and Manujān, 45,733. Villages in Kerman province are rather under-populated. On the basis of the results of the 2006 census, the average population per village in Kerman province is 184 persons (entire country: 374).

Tribal population. Censuses of nomadic tribal population were conducted in 1987, 1998, and 2008, with variations in classifications used. It can be concluded, however, that the great majority of the nomadic population of Kerman province have both their summer and their winter settlements within the province (Table 15). Only a small number spend their winters outside the province, mainly in Hormozgān province.

Table 15
NOMADIC TRIBAL POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLDS
OF KERMAN PROVINCE, BY PLACE OF WINTER AND
SUMMER SETTLEMENTS IN THE CENSUS YEARS
 Nomadic Population Census Year
 1987 1998 2008
Male and female 109,405 129,904 109,360
 Male  55,602  66,032  54,733
 Female 53,803  63,872  54,627
 Households 25,156  21,933  22,564

Those who spend both their summer and winter inside Kerman Province:

Male and female 102,725 122,586 102,568
 Male 52,219  62,345  51,313
 Female 50,506  60,241  51,255
 Households 18,476  20,692  21,105

Those who spend the wintertime outside of Kerman Province:

Male and female 6,680 7,318 6,762
 Male 3,383 3,687 3,390
 Female 3,297 3,631 3,372
 Households 1,143 1,243 1,459
Source: Derived by authors from Table 2 of the 1987, 1998, and 2008
publications of nomadic tribal population censuses by SCI
(Natāyej-e sar-šomāri-e ejtemāʿi-eqteṣādi-e ʿašāyer-e kučanda-ye kešvar).

 

Because of the above-mentioned changes made in the administrative system of Kerman province, the counts of the nomadic population in the several censuses cannot be compared at the sub-province level. But it can be seen that in 2008 most of the nomadic tribal population belonged to the following sub-provinces: Bāft, 24,981 persons in 4,977 households; Bam, 19,006 persons in 3,860 households; Jiroft, 14,152 persons in 2,972 households; ʿAnbarābād, 9,790 persons in 2,029 households; Sirjān, 9,172 persons in 2,049 households. Concerning tribal affiliation, Jebālbārezi, Baluch, and Afšār have had the largest number of members.

Housing status. At the time of the 2006 census of the country’s total population and housing status, 615,929 households were living in Kerman province, of which 615,150 were ordinary settled and collective households living in the urban (366,790 households) and the rural (246,206 households) areas of the province. (The remainder are unsettled.) These households were settled in 517,652 dwelling units (urban: 316,292 units, rural: 201,360 units). Thus, on the average, there were 119 households per 100 dwelling units (urban: 116, rural: 122). Out of the above-mentioned 615,150 households, 563,512 households were living in conventional dwelling units (urban: 349,964 households, rural: 213,548), distributions of which are shown in Table 16 by the number of rooms. Almost 71 percent of the dwelling units in the province (urban: 69.9 percent, rural: 73.2 percent) were constructed during a twenty-year period between 1986 and 2006 (Table 17). The construction materials used for dwelling units are a subject of concern, especially in the rural areas of the province. Based on the results of the 2006 population and housing census, more than half (50.9 percent) of dwelling units in the rural areas of Kerman province are made of semi-durable or non-durable materials (Table 18, Table 19).

Table 16
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
SETTLED IN CONVENTIONAL DWELLING UNITS, BY
NUMBER OF ROOMS, URBAN AND RURAL AREAS,
KERMAN PROVINCE, 2006
Number of Rooms Occupied Total Areas Urban Areas Rural Areas
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
1 room 26.2 9.7 15.3
2 rooms 26.2 23.2 31.1
3 rooms 23.6 24.1 23.5
4 rooms 19.5 21.6 16.0
5 rooms 10.7 12.8 7.3
6 rooms and more 6.6 7.8 4.6
Not stated 1.2 0.8 2.2
Source: Calculated on the basis of SCI, 2008b, pp. 220-22, Table 3-30.

 

Table 17
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF DWELLING UNITS
BY YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION,
URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, KERMAN PROVINCE,
2006 (PERCENT)
Year of Construction Completion Total Urban Rural
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
2006 4.2 3.9 4.7
2001–2005 20.2 19.3 21.7
1996–2000 22.9 22.1 24.1
1985–1995 23.7 24.4 22.7
1976–1985 17.1 18.4 15.0
Before 1974 10.6 11.0 9.9
Unknown 1.3 0.9 1.9
Source: Calculated by the authors, based on the general results in SCI, 2008b, pp. 227-32, Table 3-32.

 

Table 18
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF DWELLING UNITS BY
CONSTRUCTION, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS,
KERMAN PROVINCE, 2006 (PERCENT)
Type of Frame and
Construction Materials
Total Urban Rural
Total (all kinds of construction materials) 100.0 100.0 100.0
Durable materials
(metal frame, reinforced concrete, brick and steel, stone and steel)
69.0 81.6 49.1
Semi-durable materials
(brick and wood, stone and wood, cement blocks, all brick or stone and brick)
15.0 7.4 26.9
Non-durable materials
(all wood, adobe and wood, adobe and clay, and the like)
16.0 11.0 24.0
Source: Based on the general results in SCI, 2008b, pp. 227-32, Table 3-32.

 

Table 19
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF DWELLING
UNITS BY FLOOR AREA, URBAN AND RURAL
AREAS, KERMAN PROVINCE,
2006 (PERCENT)
Floor Areas in Square Meters Total Urban Rural
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 50 m2 18.7 9.5 33.4
51–75 m2 15.9 9.6 25.9
76–100 m2 20.6 22.2 18.2
101–150 m2 19.5 25.2 10.5
151–300 m2 23.7 30.9 11.5
More than 300 m2 2.6 2.6 0.5
Source: Based on the general results in SCI, 2008b, pp. 227-32, tables 3-32.

 

Altogether, these data suggest that relative frequency of small dwelling units, in terms of both floor area and room numbers, in the rural areas is higher than in the urban areas, indicating that people are harder pressed for housing in the rural areas. Although the percentage of durable dwelling units in the urban areas (81.6 percent) is higher than that of the rural areas (49.1 percent), a historical review shows that the trend of renovation of dwelling units in the rural areas is much faster than in the urban areas.

Economic activity status. Based on the results of the 2006 population and housing census, out of 2,183,790 persons aged 10 and over in the province, 40.1 percent are reported to be economically active (urban: 40.0 percent, rural: 41.3 percent). In the same year, the occupation ratio in Kerman province was 79.0 percent (urban: 82.9 percent, rural: 73.3 percent). Thus, the unemployment ratio has been estimated to be 21.0 percent (urban: 17.1 percent, rural: 26.7). This ratio varies greatly among different sub-provinces; it has been as low as 7.3 percent and 8.2 percent in Rudbār-e Janub and Rāvar, respectively, while other sub-provinces have been experiencing considerably high rates, among them Qalʿa-ganj (45.5 percent), ʿAnbarābād (44.8 percent), Jiroft (40.5 percent), Šahr-e Bābak (40.4 percent; SCI, 2009b, p. 84, table 3-11). Sex differentials in the ratios of activity, employment, and unemployment are considerable.

Moreover, in the entire Kerman province, the activity ratio, and consequently the employment ratio, have been declining in recent years (2006-8) among both men and women (Table 20).

Table 20
RATIOS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND
UNEMPLOYMENT IN KERMAN PROVINCE, BY
SEX, 2006 AND 2008 (PERCENT)
Year Activity Ratio Unemployment Ratio

 

Men Women Men Women
2006 62.1 20.7 10.0 24.1
2008 59.0 11.5  7.5 17.6
Source: SCI, 2011b, p. 129, no. 7; pp. 131-38.

 

In 2006, most of the employed population (42.8 percent) was working in the service sector (urban: 57.5 percent, rural: 19.1 percent); the agriculture sector provided jobs for 28.2 percent of the employed population (urban: 9.6 percent, rural: 58.0 percent), and only 25.5 percent of the employed people were working in the industrial sector (urban: 30.7 percent, rural: 19.9 percent).

In Kerman province, almost three-quarters (72.2 percent) of employed individuals were working in the private sector, and only 25.6 percent were involved in the public sector (the other 2.2 percent: not stated). These overall ratios are estimated to be, respectively, urban: 64.8, 33.1, and 2.1 percent, rural: 84.0, 13.7, and 2.3 percent.

Household conditions. In Kerman province, the household average size was 4.3 persons in 2006 (Table 21). There was little difference between the urban (4.2) and the rural areas (4.4). During the years 1956-76, the value of this measure varied between 4.36 and 4.65 persons with no significant difference between the urban and rural areas (less than 0.1). However, in 1991 this figure reached the maximum of 5.37 persons (urban: 5.18, rural: 5.54), and it has been declining ever since.

Table 21
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE,
KERMAN PROVINCE, 2006
Size of Households Province Urban Areas Rural Areas
One person  5.2  4.8  5.8
Two persons 14.8 14.3 15.5
Three and four persons 41.0 44.3 36.2
Five and six persons 26.2 26.5 25.7
Seven persons and over 12.8 10.1 16.8
Source: Based on the general results of the 2006 National, Census, Kerman Province.

 

Out of 606,348 ordinary settled households of Kerman province, 91.9 percent of the population have been living in conventional dwelling units, 0.5 percent in tents, 4.6 percent in huts, 0.4 percent in hovels and caves, and 2.6 percent in other kinds of structure; 72.7 percent of the households were owner-occupants (urban: 66.6, rural: 83.3), 18.0 percent were renters (urban: 24.9 percent, rural: 6.7 percent), and the rest were living in free units belonging to the organization they served, or other kind of units (SCI, 2009b, table 3-2). There is close similarity between the size of households in the urban and rural areas.

Household income and expenditure. Since transition from traditional life to modern society has considerable impact on lifestyle, household income and expenditure may be counted as an important development index. The most recent information on household income and expenditure of Kerman province dates from 2008. These data are usually prepared on the province level and do not provide information on any of its administrative subdivisions.

Over a three-year period (2006-8), average annual expenditure of households shows an increase of 49.9 percent in the urban and 16.7 percent in the rural areas (Table 22). The rate of increase of urban household expenditure experienced a real transformation between 2007 and 2008, reaching 38.6 percent, from 8.2 percent in the previous year; in part, this may be due to the fuel rationing in 2007 and end of some price supports, leading to higher prices.

Table 22
AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
IN THE URBAN AND RURAL AREAS,
KERMAN PROVINCE, 2006–2008 (IN RIALS)
Years Urban Areas Rural Areas

 

Income Expenditure Income Expenditure
2006 52,044,534 54,771,389 32,018,694 35,072,875
2007 65,958,972 59,264,471 42,264,818 37,017,245
2008 69,656,276 82,121,688 38,730,282 40,919,096
Source: SCI, Results of household income and expenditure survey in
Kerman Province (Natāyej-e āmār-giri az hazina wa darāmad-e ḵānavārhā-ye šahri wa rustāʾi-e kešvar,
ostān-e Kermān).

 

Another notable point is the high and increasing differences between urban and rural household expenditure in the province. As is noted in Table 22, in 2008 the annual household expenditure in the urban areas was more than twice that in the rural areas. The breakdown of household expenditure in terms of major categories (Table 23) shows that the cost of non-food commodities in the urban areas increased rapidly at this time, from 32.7 million rials in 2006 to 62.2 million rials in 2008—an increase of 90 percent in two years, while in the rural areas non-food costs went up by only 24 percent, from 13.27 to 16.46 million rials. In general, medical care and health expenses in the urban areas, and recreation, entertainment, and cultural service expenses in the rural areas (despite their low relative importance), had the greatest increase during 2006-2008. Meanwhile, costs of furniture, equipment, and services in the rural areas also had a considerable increase. In the same period, urban and rural household income increased by 33.8 percent and 21.0 percent, respectively. It is noteworthy that in 2006 and 2008 household expenditure exceeded income (SCI, 2011b, pp. 663-72, tables 20-2, 20-3, and 20-4, for expenditures, and pp. 679-82, tables 20-6, 20-7, for incomes).

Table 23
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD
EXPENDITURE BY MAIN ITEMS, 2008,
AND RATIO OF INCREASE BETWEEN
2006 AND 2008
Categories of Expenditure Urban Areas:
2008 Relative Distribution
Increase:
Ratio to 2006
Rural Areas:
2008 Relative Distribution
Increase:
Ratio to 2006
Total 100.0 49.9 100.0 16.7
Food, beverages, and tobacco 24.3 19.1 40.2 14.4

Non-food commodities:

Total 75.7 15.8 59.8 11.2
Clothing, footwear, and repairs 6.2 86.9 8.1 8.1
Housing 23.0 20.8 18.8 21.9
Furniture, furnishings 5.3 49.4 5.8 43.3

Equipment and services

Medical care and health services 12.9 157.0 8.0 0.3
Transport and communications 15.7 35.2 12.7 -13.7
Recreation, entertainment,
and cultural services
3.2 48.8 1.9 85.6
Miscellaneous Household goods
and services
9.4 32.6 6.4 -2.3
Source: SCI, 2007a and 2009c.

 

Population projection of the province. In the last nationwide population projection done in 2009, projection was made for Kerman’s population in the period from 2011 to 2026 (Table 24).

Table 24
POPULATION PROJECTION FOR KERMAN PROVINCE
(1,000 PERSONS)
Year Including Migration Based on Natural Increase, Excluding Unsettled

 

Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
2006 2,652 1,552 1,100 2,642 1,552 1,090
2011 2,872 1,703 1,169 2,882 1,693 1,189
2016 3,102 1,866 1,236 3,142 1,842 1,300
2021 3,302 2,016 1,286 3,380 1,974 1,406
2026 3,452 2,143 1,309 3,577 2,079 1,498
Source: Zanjāni et al., 2009, pp. 68-80.

 

POPULATION OF KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE

General characteristics. Kerman sub-province comprises 6 districts (baḵš), 19 sub-districts (dehestān), 13 cities, and 1,169 villages, of which 551 villages are settled. It has been recorded as the most populated sub-province in Kerman in all population censuses.

In 1996, 28.82 percent of the province’s population was living in Kerman sub-province, while in 2006 this proportion was reduced to 25.55 percent, mainly because Rāvar district had been turned into a new, separate sub-province. The new Kuhbanān sub-province has been reported to have a population of 39,463 persons (urban: 24,351, rural: 15,111). Correspondingly, the proportion of urban population of Kerman sub-province decreased during the same period, from 43.45 percent (460,602 out of 1,060,075) in 1996 to 38.45 percent in 2006 (596,976 out of 1,552,519), while the absolute number increased by 136,374. The rural population of Kerman sub-province was reduced from 117,077 people in 1996 to 80,674 in 2006 (that is, from 12.4 percent to 7.33 percent of the total rural population of the province). This can be regarded as partly the result of the separation of Rāvar sub-province from Kerman and partly due to the rate of out-migration; also, some villages have been made cities (based on SCI, 2009b, p. 49, table 2-1). During the same ten-year period, the urbanization rate in Kerman sub-province increased from 79.73 percent to 88.10 percent, which is 30 points higher than that of the entire province.

Type of households. Based on the results of the 2006 census, out of 166,952 enumerated households in the sub-province, 147,734 households were settled in the urban areas, 19,218 households in the rural areas, and 9 others were unsettled (Table 25). Members of the collective and institutional households are mostly men (5,339 men against 1,283 women in the collective households and 15,920 men against 7,669 women in the institutional households).

Table 25
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION OF KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE
BY TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD, URBAN AND RURAL AREAS,
2006
Household Type Sub-Province Urban Population Rural Population
Private, settled 647,430 570,447 76,983
Collective 6,622 6,328 294
Institutional 23,589 20,201 3,388
Private unsettled 9

 

 

Source: Calculated on the basis of table 3-4, in SCI, 2009b, p. 67.

 

Average household size (Table 26) is calculated to be 4.06 persons per household (4.04 in the urban and 4.20 in the rural areas), which decreased between the years 1996 and 2006 by 0.83 persons per household. The proportion of four-person households is higher than any other size of households in both urban and rural areas. The household-size differential between urban and rural areas of the sub-province has lessened in recent years. In 2006, most of the households in Kerman sub-province (89.1 percent) had a male head of household (urban: 89.0 percent, rural: 90.1 percent).

Table 26
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE
BY SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD, URBAN AND RURAL AREAS,
2006 (PERCENT)
Household Size Sub-Province Urban Areas Rural Areas
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
One person 5.4 5.3 6.6
Two persons 15.4 15.4 15.5
Three persons 22.4 22.7 19.8
Four persons 24.4 24.6 22.8
Five persons 16.3 16.3 15.9
Six persons 8.8 8.7 9.9
Seven persons 4.1 4.0 4.9
Eight persons and more 3.2 3.0 4.4
Source: SCI, 2009b, pp. 103-6, Tables 3-18, 3-19.

 

Literacy and education (Table 27). Out of the total population of Kerman sub-province, in 2006, 610,510 persons were at the age of 6 years and over, including 543,531 city residents and 66,979 persons living in rural areas. The literacy rate was 89.0 percent in the entire sub-province (urban, all: 90.6 percent, men: 92.4, women: 88.8; rural, all: 87.6 percent, men: 79.3, women: 73.8).

Table 27
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LITERATE
POPULATION BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION,
URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE,
2006 (PERCENT)
Level of Education Sub-province Urban Areas Rural Areas
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Literacy movement 1.9 1.8 8.1
Elementary school 21.3 19.9 33.1
Junior high school 22.0 21.1 30.5
High school 32.4 33.3 24.9
Pre-university 2.3 2.4 1.2
University 17.9 19.4 4.5
Others 2.2 2.1 2.7
Source: SCI, 2009b, Table 3-10.

 

Migration status. (1) Lifetime migration. This term is applied to persons who leave their place of birth at least once and reside in a new location. One is counted as such at the time of a census or survey by comparison of the recorded place of birth and place of residence. All those who live in a place different from their place of birth are considered as lifetime migrants. In 2006, slightly over 67.5 percent of the sub-province population were living in the same area in which they had been born (urban: 67.2 percent, rural: 70.2 percent). Thus the rest (approx. 32.5 percent) would be defined as lifetime migrants. Of the urban population, 21.1 percent were migrants with urban origin, 9.5 percent migrants with rural origin; 1.8 percent were born abroad, and 0.4 percent did not state their migration status (rural: 18.3, 7., 3.6, and 0.5 percent, respectively; SCI, 2009b, pp. 71-72, table 3-5).

(2) Period migration. Those migrants who change their place of residence between two specific times (usually two successive censuses) are called migrants in that period of time. Between the years 1996 and 2006, in total, 128,643 people changed their place of residence inside the sub-province; of these, 111,939 persons moved to the urban areas and 16,704 moved to the rural regions (Table 28).

Table 28
IN-MIGRANTS BY ORIGIN AND DESTINATION,
KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE, 1996–2006
Migration Origin Migration Destination

 

Kerman Sub-Province Urban Areas Rural Areas
Total 128,643 111,939 16,704

Kerman sub-province

 Urban areas 28,651 22,196 6,454
 Rural areas 20,433 17,670 2,762

Other sub-provinces of Kerman Province

 Urban areas 31,951 30,278 1,673
 Rural areas 9,183 8,528 655
Other provinces

 

 

 

 Urban areas 32,333 27,731 4,602
 Rural areas 2,359 2,078 281
Abroad 3,662 3,393 269
Not stated 72 65 7
Source: SCI, 2009b.

 

(3) Causes of period migration. Almost 41 percent of the period migrants during the 10-year period between 1996 and 2006 are subordinate or dependent migrants. These are individuals who migrate just to follow the head of their household. The proportion of subordinate migrants in the urban and rural areas of Kerman sub-province is 40 percent and 46 percent, respectively. Other migration causes are shown in Table 29.

Table 29
MAIN CAUSES OF MIGRATION IN KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE,
BY URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, 2006 (PERCENT)
Main Cause of Migration Sub-Province Urban Areas Rural Areas
Work, better work, and job transfer 18.7 17.2 19.3
Studying and completion of studying 18.8 19.2  4.4
Military service and completing it  7.8  6.8 15.2
Source: SCI, 2009b, pp. 72-78, Tables 3-6, 3-8.

 

Economic activity and occupation status. Based on the results of the 2006 census of population and housing, more than 40 percent of the population of Kerman sub-province, 10 years of age and over, were economically active. The number was higher in the rural areas (44.0 percent) than in the urban areas (39.7 percent). Out of the active population in the entire sub-province, 87.3 percent (urban: 87.2 percent, rural: 88.0 percent) was reported to be employed; in other words, 12.7 percent (urban: 12.8 percent, rural: 12.0 percent) of the population was unemployed, looking for work.

The economically inactive population consists of different groups, the proportions of which vary from one society to another. In Kerman sub-province, students have comprised the larger share, forming 24.0 percent of the inactive population of the sub-province (urban: 24.9 percent, rural: 16.5 percent). Housewives are reported to have the second larger share in the inactive population (23.4 percent in the entire sub-province, urban: 22.9 percent, rural: 27.3 percent). Pensioners, or generally speaking all those who have an income without working, form only 6.3 percent (urban: 6.6 percent, rural: 4.6 percent) of the sub-province’s inactive population; the rest did not indicate their activity status (Table 30).

Table 30
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMPLOYED POPULATION,
BY ACTIVITY SECTOR, URBAN AND RURAL AREAS, KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE,
2006 (PERCENT)
Activity Sector Sub-province Urban Areas Rural Areas
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture 10.0 6.5 38.2
Industry 28.7 29.1 25.9
Services 59.4 62.5 33.9
Other 1.9 1.9 2.0
Source: SCI, 2009b, pp. 84-93, Tables 3-11, 3-12.

 

Occupation. In all the Iranian population censuses and surveys, ISCO (International Standard Classification of Occupations) is used for the classification of occupations. In this system, occupations are categorized most generally into nine major groups. Although they do not provide enough details to present a precise description of each occupation, they are informative enough to show the field of occupation of each employed person (Table 31).

Table 31
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EMPLOYED POPULATION,
BY MAJOR GROUP OF OCCUPATION, URBAN AND RURAL AREAS,
KERMAN SUB-PROVINCE,
2006 (PERCENT)
Major Groups of Occupation Whole Sub-Province Urban Areas Rural Areas
Total 100.0

100.0

100.0

Legislators, senior officials, and managers 3.1 3.4 0.7
Professionals 11.9 13.3 2.0
Technicians and associate professionals 6.1 6.9 1.3
Clerks, service workers, and salespeople 6.3 6.9 2.3
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 8.2 4.5 33.2
Crafts and related trades workers 19.0 19.6 15.1
Plant and machine operators, assemblers, and drivers 13.0 13.6 8.7
Unskilled workers 0.7 10.1 14.9
Others and not stated 8.5 7.1 18.1
Source: Calculated by the authors; based on Table 3-13 of the results of the 2006 National Census.

 

Population projection. There is little reliable population projection for Kerman sub-province. The SCI (2010a, p. 32) has estimated the annual growth rate of the population of the sub-province to be 2.67 percent per year, which is an obvious overestimation, in view of the sharp decline in the annual population growth rate of the country (1.3 percent per year). A study on the population of the province (Zanjāni et al., 2009) suggests that the population of the sub-province will be 881,945 persons by the year 2025, increasing 1.41 percent per year. Another study involving nationwide population projection for each province (actually for 52 sub-national zones) has been done by a European consultant (Nejātiān, unpublished). Based on it, the population of Kerman sub-province for 2025 can be projected to reach 803,000, which is close to the figure suggested in the above-mentioned 2009 study.

Table 32
POPULATION OF THE CITY OF KERMAN
BY ENUMERATION ZONE AND SEX,
2006
Zones Male and Female Male Female Sex Ratio
Whole city 515,087 263,446 251,641 104.7
Zone number 1 83,530 41,569 41,961  99.1
Zone number 2 65,359 33,325 32,034 104.1
Zone number 3 105,764 54,208 51,556 105.1
Zone number 4 146,261 76,536 69,725 109.8
Zone number 5 114,173 57,808 56,365 102.6
Source: Population indices of the cities of Iran, general results of the 2006 National Census.

 

POPULATION OF THE CITY OF KERMAN

Size, age and sex distribution of the population. The city of Kerman is the capital of Kerman province and of Kerman sub-province. In the 2006 population census, Kerman city was divided into 5 zones. At that time, its population was reported to be 515,114 (Table 32), of whom 24.4 percent were under 15 years of age, 71.8 percent were 15 to 64 years old, and 3.8 percent were 65 and over. Age structures vary significantly between different zones; the proportion of young population (ages 0-15) varies from minimum of 23.0 percent in zones 2 and 3 to the maximum of 25.5 percent in zone 5; the proportion of aged population (65 and over), recorded as 2.6 and 2.8 percent in zones 2 and 3, respectively, was 5.5 percent in zone number 1. The proportion of population in the age group of 15-64 years varied from 69.0 percent in zone 1 to 74.1 percent in zone 2 (SCI, 2010b, p. 62).

The population and its changes. During a 50-year period (1956-2006), the population of Kerman city grew from almost 62,000 to more than 515,000, an average increase of 4.32 percent per year (Table 33). In 2006, among 1,012 cities in Iran, Kerman city ranked thirteenth in size of population, 466th in size of household.

Table 33
POPULATION GROWTH OF THE CITY OF KERMAN,
1956–2006 (PERCENT)
Census Year Population Size Average Annual Growth Rate
1956  62,157

 

1966  89,700 3.74
1976 145,613 4.96
1986 264,560 6.15
1996 384,991 3.82
2006 515,114 2.95
Source: Calculated based on the results of the National Census, from 1956 to 2006.

 

Mean and median age. The mean age of the population of the city of Kerman in 2006 was estimated to be 27.2 years, varying from the minimum of 26.3 years in zone 3 to a maximum of 28 years in zone 2. The median age was 24 years, varying from 23 years in zones 4 and 5 to 25 years in zone 2 (based on the socio-economic indices of Kerman province, SCI, 2007a, table 3).

Literacy and education. Based on the results of 2006 population census, more than 90 percent of the population of Kerman city was of school age (6 years of age and over), and 92 percent of these persons were literate. This gives Kerman the thirteenth highest literacy ratio among all cities of the country and matches the city’s rank in population size (see above). The literacy ratio is not constant across the city; the minimum of 91.1 percent was in zone 5, and the maximum of 95.9 percent in zone 2. The literacy ratio for men is 91.1, and for women, 86.7 percent (SCI, 2010b, p. 151, table 3).

Migration. Of the population of Kerman city in 2006, 64.7 percent had been born there, and 35.3 percent were life-time migrants from other parts of the country. In Kerman city, 23.0 percent of the population comprise in-migrants with urban origin, 10.0 percent in-migrants with rural origin, and 1.8 percent immigrants; 0.4 percent did not state their migration status.

Economic activity status. In the 2006 census data, almost 84.2 percent (433,615 persons) of Kerman city population was of the activity age (that is, 10 years and over), of whom 39.4 percent were economically active and 59.8 percent inactive; the status of the rest (0.8 percent) was unknown. The activity ratio in Kerman city is somewhat higher than the average rate for cities, placing it twelfth among all cities in the country.

The employment and unemployment ratios in Kerman city are reportedly 87.1 percent and 12.9 percent of the active population (i.e., of 39.4 percent of active population who are in the job market). Comparison of these ratios with those of urban areas countrywide indicates a lower employment ratio and a higher unemployment ratio in Kerman city. Again, Zone 2 is in a better situation with the lowest unemployment ratio (10.5 percent) among all 5 zones; the highest (13.4 percent) belongs to zone 5 (SCI, 2010b, table 5).

Marital status. In 2006, out of 222,002 males 10 years of age and over in Kerman city, 52.0 percent were married, 0.9 percent were widowers, 0.5 percent were divorced, and 46.2 percent were never married; 0.4 percent did not state their marital status. The corresponding proportions for the female population 10 years of age and over were 52.6, 8.2, 1.5, 37.3, and 0.4 percent, respectively. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, legal age for marriage is higher for boys than it is for girls (18 years of age against 15). This can be counted as an explanation for the lower proportion of never-married women. An important point in Kerman city is the extremely high proportion of divorced and widowed women in comparison to men. The proportion of widowhood among women is actually nine times that among men. Similarly the proportion of divorced women is three times that of divorced men.

Marriage prevalence in Kerman city in 2006 was 96.2 percent for men and 98.3 percent for women. Thus there has not been noticed in Kerman city any demographic inbalance between men and women that would result in exclusion of some from the opportunity to marry (what is usually called “marriage squeeze”). Almost everybody gets married sooner or later. Despite high marriage prevalence in the city, the rate of early marriage (marriage at the age group of 15-19) was not high, especially for men (1.77 percent), though not negligible for women (11.4 percent). Even with the relatively high proportion of early marriage among women in the 2006 census, it is lower than in previous census years. These measures altogether indicate clearly a delay of marriages and an increase in the mean age at marriage. As a result, in 2006 mean age at marriage is calculated to be 26.5 years for men and 24.0 years for women (SCI, 2010b, pp. 284, 344, 374, tables 6-8).

Type of households and housing status (Table 34). Out of 127,936 households of Kerman city in 2006, almost 98.4 percent were private, settled households, 1.5 percent collective households, and only 0.1 percent institutional households (SCI, 2010b, p. 434, table 10). Almost all (99.9 percent) abodes of the city were ordinary units, with an average of 4 residents each.

Table 34
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF DWELLING UNITS BY FLOOR AREA,
IN KERMAN CITY, 2006 (PERCENT)
Floor Area
(square meters)
Relative
Frequency
Less than 50  8.3
51–75  8.4
76–80  5.5
81–100 16.5
101–50 25.9
151–200 20.6
201–300 11.5
301 and more  3.2
Source: SCI, 2009b, p. 464, Table 11.

 

Population projection. Population projection for cities is not a systematic process in Iran and usually depends upon development plans or case studies needed in larger plans. Based on a survey conducted as part of Kerman water supply project (Nejātiān), the population of Kerman city in 2026 was projected to be 785,283.

Bibliography:

Āmar-e ʿomumi (Department of Public Statistics), National Census for Kerman, Tehran, 1956, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2011.

SCI (Statistical Center of Iran [Markaz-e āmār-e Irān] http://www.amar.org.ir/) publications, in chronological order:

Gozida-ye šāḵeṣhā va namāgarhā-ye ejtemāʿi-eqteṣādi-e kešvar, ostān-e Kermān, Tehran, 2007a.

Natāyej-e āmār-giri az hazina va darāmad-e ḵānavārhā-ye šahri va rustāʾi-e kešvar, ostān-e Kermān, Tehran, 2007b and 2009d.

Natāyej-e tafṣili-e sar-šomāri-e ʿomumi-e nofus va maskan, 2006, Tehran, 2008a.

Sar-šomāri-e ʿomumi-e nofus va maskan sāl-e 1385: natāyej-e kolli, koll-e kešvar I, Tehran, 2008b.

Našriya-ye jamʿiyat-e šahrhā-ye kešvar bar ḥasab-e senn va jens: koll-e kešvar, 3, 2009a.

Sar-šomāri-e ʿomumi-e nofus va maskan 2006: natāyej-e kolli-e ostān-e Kermān, Tehran, 2009b.

Gozida-ye namāgarhā-ye jamʿiyati-e šahrhā-ye kešvar bar asās-e natāyej-e sar-šomāri-e ʿomumi-e nofus va maskan, 1385, Pažuheškada-ye āmār, 2009c.

Jamʿiyat-e šahrestānhā-ye kešvar, Tehran, 2010a.

Gozida-ye namāgarhā-ye jamʿiyati-e šahrhā-ye kešvar bar asās-e natāyej-e sar-šomāri-e ʿomumi-e nofus va makan, sāl-e 1385, Daftar-e āmārhā-ye jamʿiyat, niru-ye kār va sar-šomāri, code 89-3-8, Tehran, 2010b.

Gozida-ye natāyej-e sar-šomāri-e ʿomumi-e nofus va maskan, 1390, Tehran, 2011a.

Sāl-nāma-ye āmāri-e 1387: Ostān-e Kermān, 2011b.

“2011 Census Selected Results—UNFPA Iran,” electronically published, 2014; available at http://iran.unfpa.org/view_news.asp?id=248.

Other sources.

Moḥammad-Ḥosayn Nejātiān, “Piš-bini-e jamʿiyat-e šahr-e Kermān,” in phase one, vol. I of a monograph with limited distribution: Šerkat-e sahāmi-e āb-e manṭaqaʾi-e Kermān, “Moṭālaʿāt-e enteqāl-e āb-e šorb va ṣanʿat-e šahrhā-ye šemāli-e ostān-e Kermān,” Kerman, 2007, table 11-2, p. 20/2.

Ḥabib-Allāh Zanjāni, Jamʿiyat va šahr-nešini dar Irān I, 2nd ed., Tehran, 1992.

Ḥabib-Allāh Zanjāni and Faridun Raḥmāni, Rāhnamā-ye jamʿiyat-e šahrhā-ye Irān, 1335-1370, Tehran, 2003.

Ḥabib-Allāh Zanjāni et al., Moṭālaʿāt-e taʾmin-e āb-e šorb va ṣanʿat-e šahrhā-ye šomāli-e ostān-e Kermān, Tehran, 2007.

Idem, “Sawābeq-e jamʿiyati-e šahrhā va ābādihā-ye ostān-e Kermān,” Moṭālaʿāt-e taḥawwol-e jamʿiyat-e Irān dar ṭarḥ-e kālbodi-e melli, 9, no. 1.

Idem, Pišbini-e jamʿiyat-e Irān tā sāl-e 1405 be tafkik-e šahri va rustāʾi, Tehran, 2009. 

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Originally Published online: October 2, 2014

Archived version from the previous EIr. online edition.

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(Habibollah Zanjani and 
Mohammad-Hossein Nejatian)

Originally Published: June 15, 2017

Last Updated: June 15, 2017

This article is available in print.
Vol. XVI, Fasc. 3, pp. 265-276

Cite this entry:

Habibollah Zanjani and 
Mohammad-Hossein Nejatian, “KERMAN iii. POPULATION,” Encyclopædia Iranica, XVI/3, pp. 265-276, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kerman-03-population (accessed on 30 December 2017).