Table of Contents
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SRAOŠA
William W. Malandra
a major deity (yazata) in Zoroastrianism, whose great popularity reserved a place for him in Iranian Islam as the angel Surōš. In Avestan, the word occurs both as a noun and as a name. Its basic common meaning is “to hear and obey.”
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STAMPS
Cross-Reference
see PHILATELY.
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STANZAIC POETRY
Gabrielle van den Berg
Stanzaic verse forms have been part of the corpus of classical Persian poetry from the early stage onwards and have continued to play a role until modern times, alhough the quantity of stanzaic poetry in Persian literature is modest in comparison to other verse forms.
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STARK, FREYA Madeline
Malise Ruthven
British travel-writer. Her 1934 book The Valley of the Assassins and Other Persian Travels belongs to the canon of English travel literature.
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STATEIRA
Ernst Badian
a name attested for several royal women of the Achaemenid period: daughter of Hydarnes, wife of Codomannus, daughter of Darius III.
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STEEL INDUSTRY IN IRAN
Willem Floor
In 1927, plans were drawn up to establish smelting works in the north of the country to produce rail tracks domestically.
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STEIN, (Marc) Aurel
Susan Whitfield
(1862-1943), Sir, Hungarian–British archeologist and explorer, was born in Pest, Hungary and died in Kabul, Afghanistan.
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STERN, SAMUEL MIKLOS
Farhad Daftary
(1920-1969), a Hungarian-British orientalist and a leading scholar of modern Ismaʿili studies.
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STOREY, Charles Ambrose
Yuri Bregel
British orientalist, author of the bio-bibliographical survey of Persian literature (1888-1968).
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STROPHIC POETRY
Cross-Reference
See STANZAIC POETRY.
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STRUYS, JAN JANSZOON
Willem Floor
(1630-1694), Dutch sailor and sail maker, whose account of his various travels in Europe, Africa, and Asia, first published in 1676, has been translated into several languages.
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STUCCO DECORATION
Jens Kröger
IN IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE. This entry focuses on the Parthian and Sasanian periods and hints at the continuity in the Islamic period.
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STŪM
Firoze M. Kotwal and Jamsheed K. Choksy
Essentially a soliloquy of remembrance, the stūm ritual links living Zoroastrians to deceased coreligionists by reminding them that righteousness during life ensures salvation after death.
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SŪDGAR NASK and WARŠTMĀNSR NASK
Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw Vevaina
the first and second of three commentaries on the Old Avesta, extant in a Pahlavi resume in book nine of the Dēnkard, the third being the Bag nask.
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SUGAR
Willem Floor
Cultivation, manufacturing, and processing in Iran. Sugar was already known in Sasanian Persia around 460 CE.
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SULEDEH
Habib Borjian
Caspian township and former sub-province in Māzandarān province, located half a mile off the Caspian shore on the river Suledeh, which rose in the hills of Lābij/Lāvij. Suledeh was on the western border of the coastal part of Nur district.
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ŠUR
Jean During
a modal system (dastgāh) in the traditional music in Iran.
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SŪR SAXWAN
Touraj Daryaee
(Banquet Speech), a Middle Persian text about a court banquet held in the Sasanian Empire.
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SUSA
Multiple Authors
a collection of articles about a major ancient city in Iran and one of the capital cities of the Achaemenids.
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SUSA i. EXCAVATIONS
Hermann Gasche
In 1836, Major Rawlinson visited the site briefly and discovered fragments of columns, as well as an inscription by a “king of Susra.” Layard stayed in Khuzestan between 1840 and 1842. He, too, was interested in the famous “black stone” of the Tomb of Daniel, which had already disappeared before Rawlinson’s visit.
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