Table of Contents
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GUKLĀN
Pierre Oberling
Turkmen tribal confederacy of the Gorgān region in northeastern Persia, the district of Qara Qalʿa in Turkmenistan, and the Ḵiva region in Uzbekistan.
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ḠUL
Mahmoud and Teresa P. Omidsalar
designation of a fantastic, frightening creature in the Perso-Arabic lore.
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GULBARGA
Gavin R. G. Hambly
or Golbargā; city and district in the central Deccan, India.
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GULBENKIAN, CALOUSTE
Jennifer Manoukian
(1869-1955), Armenian oil financier, art collector, and philanthropist born in Lisbon.
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GULF WAR and PERSIA
Lawrence G. Potter
the final conflict, which was initiated with United Nations authorization, by a coalition force from 34 nations against Iraq, with the expressed purpose of expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after its invasion and annexion on 2 August 1990.
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GUMĒZIŠN
D. N. Mackenzie
a Middle Persian noun, spelled gwmycšn in Pahlavi and gwmyzyšn in Manichean script, meaning “mixing, mingling, mixture.”
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GÜNDÜZLÜ
Cross-Reference
See TURKIC TRIBES.
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GUNPOWDER
Cross-Reference
See BĀRUT.
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GUNS, GUNNERY
Cross-Reference
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GUR
Cross-Reference
See ARDAŠIR ḴORRA, FIRUZĀBĀD.