Table of Contents

  • GUKLĀN

    Pierre Oberling

    Turkmen tribal confederacy of the Gorgān region in northeastern Persia, the district of Qara Qalʿa in Turkmenistan, and the Ḵiva region in Uzbekistan.

  • ḠUL

    Mahmoud and Teresa P. Omidsalar

    designation of a fantastic, frightening creature in the Perso-Arabic lore.

  • GULBARGA

    Gavin R. G. Hambly

    or Golbargā; city and district in the central Deccan, India.

  • GULBENKIAN, CALOUSTE

    Jennifer Manoukian

    (1869-1955), Armenian oil financier, art collector, and philanthropist born in Lisbon.

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  • GULF WAR and PERSIA

    Lawrence G. Potter

    the final conflict, which was initiated with United Nations authorization, by a coalition force from 34 nations against Iraq, with the expressed purpose of expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after its invasion and annexion on 2 August 1990.

  • GUMĒZIŠN

    D. N. Mackenzie

    a Middle Persian noun, spelled gwmycšn in Pahlavi and gwmyzyšn in Manichean script, meaning “mixing, mingling, mixture.”

  • GÜNDÜZLÜ

    Cross-Reference

    See TURKIC TRIBES.

  • GUNPOWDER

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀRUT.

  • GUNS, GUNNERY

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀRUT; FIREARMS.

  • GUR

    Cross-Reference

    See ARDAŠIR ḴORRA, FIRUZĀBĀD.