Table of Contents

• GRIBOEDOV, ALEXANDER SERGEEVICH

  George Bournoutian

  Griboedov joined the Russian administration in Transcaucasia in early 1819 and was sent by the Chief Administrator, General Ermolov, to Persia to establish the Russian Mission in Tehran.

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• GRIGORIAN, Marcos

  Hengameh Fouladvand

  (Mārcos [better known as Marco] Grigoriān, b. Kropotkin, Russia, 5 December 1925; d. Yerevan, 27 August 2007), Iranian-Armenian artist, actor, teacher, gallery owner, and collector who played a pioneering role in the development of Iranian modern art.

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• GRĪW

  Werner Sundermann

  a Middle Iranian word meaning “neck, throat” and “self, soul.”

• GROTEFEND, GEORG FRIEDRICH

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (b. Hannoversch-Münden, 1775; d. Hannover, 1853), German philologist and scholar of oriental studies.

• GROUSSET, RENÉ

  Jacqueline Calmard-Compas

  (b. Aubais, Gard, France, 1885; d. Paris, 1952), French historian who based his wide-ranging research on the studies of the leading French orientalists of his time, and wrote works of synthesis on various aspects of Oriental history and culture.

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• GRUMBATES

  Cross-Reference

  See CHIONITES.

• GRUNDRISS DER IRANISCHEN PHILOLOGIE

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (Encyclopaedia of Iranian Philology; Strassburg, 1895-1904, reprinted Berlin and New York, 1974), the first attempt to summarize the knowledge of all subjects concerning Iran — the languages and literatures, history and culture of Iran and the Iranian peoples — that had been achieved by the end of the 19th century.

• GRÜNWEDEL, ALBERT

  Werner Sundermann

  (b. Munich, 1856; d. Lenggries, 1935), prominent German Indologist, Tibetologist, art scholar, and archeologist.

• GRYUNBERG TSVETINOVICH, ALEKSANDR LEONOVICH

  Vladmir Kushev

  (b. St. Petersburg, 1930; d. St. Petersburg, 1995), Russian linguist who specialized in Iranian languages.

• GUARDIAN COUNCIL

  A. Schirazi

  or Šurā-ye Negahbān; a powerful 12-member council with vast legislative and executive jurisdictions that forms a cornerstone of the Islamic Republic’s Constitution.