Table of Contents

• FOLKLORE STUDIES ii. OF AFGHANISTAN

  Margaret A. Mills and Abdul Ali Ahrary

  Folklore may be defined as roughly comprising the oral-traditional component of culture, complementary or competitive with an official, canonical “written” culture, but this definition presents certain problems.

• FOLŪS

  Cross-reference

  See CASSIA.

• FONDOQESTĀN

  B. A. Litvinskiĭ

  (FONDUKISTAN), early medieval settlement and Buddhist monastery in Afghanistan, in the province of Parvān (Parwan). The site is usually dated to the 7th century CE on the evidence of artistic style and numismatic finds, the oldest of which is from 689 C.E. However, the shape and the decorations of the stupa suggest that the complex can be even earlier.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• FOOD

  Cross-reference

  See COOKING.

• FOOTBALL

  Houchang Chehabi

  (soccer). The game of football was introduced to Persia in the first two decades of the 20th century by British residents and American missionaries. In Tehran the employees of the British legation, the Imperial Bank, and the Indo-Persian Telegraph Company

• FOQQĀʿ

  Sayyed Mohammad Dabirsiaghi

  an effervescent drink preserved in heavy and usually rounded clay vessels.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• FORĀT

  Cross-reference

  See EUPHRATES.

• FORĀT B. EBRĀHĪM

  Meir M. Bar-Asher

  Shiʿite(most probably Imami) Koran commentator and Hadith scholar. The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but the time he flourished can be estimated by the dates of the scholars whom he quoted or who transmitted Hadith on his authority.

• FORĀT MAYSĀN

  Cross-reference

  See BAHMAN ARDAŠĪR.

• FOREIGN AFFAIRS

  Willem Floor

  administration and ministry of foreign affairs.