Table of Contents

• FORTRESSES

  Cross-reference

  See CASTLES.

• FORŪD (1)

  Jean During

  (lit. descent; Forūvard in Bukharian tradition, Ayaq in Azeri moqām), general designation of the concluding motif of a melodic sequence in Persian music.

• FORŪD (2)

  Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

  or Ferōd; son of Sīāvaḵš and half brother of Kay Ḵosrow.

• FORŪGĪ BESṬĀMĪ, ʿABBĀS

  Heshmat Moayyad

  or BASṬĀMĪ (b. Karbalā, 1798; d. Tehran, 1857), 19th-century poet.

• FORŪGĪ, ABU'L-ḤASAN

  Bagher Agheli

  (b. Isfahan, 1884; d. Tehran, 1960), educator and author.

• FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ ḎOKĀʾ-AL-MOLK

  Fakhreddin Azimi, Iraj Afshar

  (1877-1942), statesman, scholar, and man of letters. Forūḡī’s personal integrity and honesty have rarely been disputed, even by his critics. Others have blamed him for helping to bring about Reżā Shah’s regime and continuing to serve it despite its blatant misdeeds.

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• FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN Khan Ḏokāʾ-al-Molk

  Manouchehr Kasheff

  (b. Isfahan, 1839; d. Tehran, 1907), poet, journalist, literateur, translator, and author.

• FORŪGĪ, MOḤSEN

  Mina Marefat and EIr, Richard N. Frye

  (1907-1983), pioneer of modern architecture in Persia, an influential professor of architecture at the University of Tehran, and a noted collector of Persian art. He was imprisoned in 1979 after the revolution, and his art collection was placed in the Archaeological Museum, Tehran.

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• FORUTAN, ʿALI-AKBAR

  IRAJ AYMAN

  prominent Bahai teacher, educator, public speaker, and author. Forutan Ali Akbar, Forutan Ali-Akbar,He was born into a Bahai family in Sabzevār in northeast Iran, where he received his early education at a traditional school (maktab).

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• FORUTĀN, YŪSOF

  Jean During

  a twentieth century master of Persian music.