Table of Contents

  • ḎU’L-ŠAHĀDATAYN

    Cross-Reference

    See AŠRAF ḠAZNAVĪ.

  • DULAFIDS

    Cross-Reference

    See DOLAFIDS.

  • DUMAQU

    Gerd Gropp

    or Domoko; administrative center of the eastern region of the Khotan oasis in Chinese Turkestan.

  • DUMÉZIL, Georges

    Bruce Lincoln

     (1898-1986), French comparatist philologist and religious studies scholar. Among the most significant later modifications in Dumézil's views was his decision to abandon the claim that Indo-European society was originally divided into three functional groupings.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • DUNG

    Willem Floor

    human and animal excrement, widely used in Persia and Afghanistan for fuel and fertilizer.

  • DUNHUANG

    Multiple Authors

    an oasis town situated in the northwest of the Chinese province of Gansu, famous for the nearby Mogao Caves.

  • DUNHUANG i. The cave sites; Manichean texts

    Gunner Mikkelsen

    The Mogao Caves are located some 25 km from Dunhuang at the edge of the Dunes of the Singing Sands (Mingshashan) of the Gobi desert. These contain over 45,000 square meters of predominantly Buddhist murals and more than 2,000 Buddhist painted stucco sculptures.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • DUNHUANG ii. Buddhist and Other Texts in Iranian Languages

    Yutaka Yoshida

    The library cave in Dunhuang has yielded a number of texts of the 8th to 10th centuries in two Middle Iranian languages, Khotanese and Sogdian.

  • DŪNQEŠLĀQ

    Klaus Fischer

    or Dong Qešlaq; group of pre-Islamic and Islamic archeological sites on the Emām Ṣāḥeb plain in the Qondūz province of Afghanistan, about 10 km south of the Oxus.

  • DUPREE, LOUIS

    David B. Edwards

    Following the completion of his Ph.D. degree, Dupree taught at the Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base and Pennsylvania State University. Between 1959 and 1983 he was affiliated with the American Universities Field Staff (A.U.F.S.) as its expert on Afghanistan and Pakistan.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • DURA EUROPOS

    Pierre Leriche, D. N. MacKenzie

    ruined city on the right bank of the Euphrates between Antioch and Seleucia on the Tigris, founded in 303 BCE by Nicanor, a general of Seleucus I. Its military function of the Greek period was abandoned under the Parthians, but at that time it was an administrative and economic center.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • DURAND, HENRY MORTIMER

    Rose L. Greaves

    (b. Sehore, Bhopal State, India, 14 February 1850, d. Polden, Somerset, England, 8 June 1924), British diplomat and envoy to Tehran at the end of the 19th century.

  • DŪRAOŠA

    Jean Kellens

    Avestan word, attested once in the Older Avesta, in the Younger Avesta the preferred and exclusive epithet of haoma, the ritual liquid.

  • DŪRĀSRAW

    D. N. MacKenzie

    according to the Pahlavi tradition the name of two legendary personages in the history of Zoroastrianism.

  • DURIS OF SAMOS

    RÜDIGER SCHMITT

    (Gk. Doûris), (ca. 340-281/270 B.C.E.), Greek historiographer of the early Hellenistic period.

  • DŪRMEŠ, KHAN

    Roger M. Savory

    or Dormeš; b. ʿAbdī Beg TAVĀČĪ ŠĀMLŪ, powerful Qezelbāš amir, brother-in-law and confidant of Shah Esmāʿīl I.

  • DŪRNEMĀ-YE ĪRĀN

    Nassereddin Parvin

    weekly of politics and culture edited and published by the Persian writer, scholar, and filmmaker ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Sepantā in Bombay from 30 November 1928 to March 1929.

  • DÜRRI EFENDI, AḤMAD

    Tahsin Yazici

    (or Dorrī Afandī; (b. Van, date unknown, d. Istanbul, 1722), Ottoman poet, civil servant, and diplomat who served as ambassador to Tehran and wrote Sefārat-nāma, the first Turkish account of Safavid Persia.

  • DUSHANBE

    Muriel Atkin

    capital and most populous city of Tajikistan.

  • DŪST MOḤAMMAD KHAN BĀRAKZĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See DŌST MOḤAMMAD KHAN.