Table of Contents

  • BĪD

    Wilhelm Eilers, Hūšang Aʿlam

    common desig­nation in modern Persian for the genus Salix L., willow. Willow trees are found in all the Iranian lands, mainly along streams and canals.

  • BĪDĀD

    Hormoz Farhat

    a melody (gūša) in the modal system (dastgāh) Homāyūn, one of the twelve modal systems of the contemporary tradition of Persian classical music. An important and popular gūša, Bīdād is always included in the performance of Homāyūn, even when the performance is short and selective.

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  • BĪDAR

    S. H. Qasemi

    city in the state of Karnataka, India, about 80 miles northwest of Hyderabad, and also the surrounding district. In the 15th-16th centuries, under the Bahmanid dynasty, Bīdar was an important center of Persian cultural influence in the Deccan.

  • BĪDĀR

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (lit. awake) the name of three Persian periodicals, two of which were published in Tehran in 1923 and 1951 and the other in Mazār-e Šarīf in 1925.

  • BĪDĀRĪ

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (lit. wakefulness) the name of three Persian newspapers published in Tehran (1907), Rašt (1920), and Kermān (1923-53) and also the name of several other Persian-language periodicals.

  • BĪDĀRĪ-E ĪRĀNĪĀN, TĀRĪḴ-E

    cross-reference

    See TĀRĪḴ-E BĪDĀRĪ-E ĪRĀNĪĀN.

  • BĪDASTAR

    Cross-Reference

    See BEAVER.

  • BIDAXŠ

    Werner Sundermann

    title of an official, a word of Iranian origin found in various languages from the first to the eighth century.

  • BĪDEL, ʿABD-AL-QĀDER

    Moazzam Siddiqi

    (BĒDIL), the fore­most representative of the later phase of the “Indian style” (sabk-e hendī) of Persian poetry and the most difficult and challenging poet of that school (1644-1721).

  • BĪDERAFŠ

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    in the traditional history, a Turanian hero of the army of Arjāsp.

  • BĪDGOL

    Ehsan Yarshater

    and BĪDGOLI dialect. Bīdgol and Ārān, two practically contiguous townships in the province of Kāšān, are located some 10 km to the north and slightly to the east of the city of Kāšān.

  • BĪDMEŠK

    Cross-Reference

    See BĪD.

  • BIDOḴT

    Habib Borjian

    the center of a subdistrict (dehestān) in Gonābād šahrestān in central Khorasan and the seat of the Gonābādi Sufi order.

  • BĪDPĀY

    Cross-Reference

    the narrator of the animal fables known as Kalila wa Demna. See KALĪLA WA DEMNA.

  • BĪḠAMĪ

    William L. Hanaway

    MAWLĀNĀ SHAIKH ḤĀJĪ MOḤAMMAD, oral storyteller of the 8th/14th century, narrator of the romance Dārāb-nāma.

  • BĪGĀR

    Yuri Bregel

    and BĪGĀRĪ, a term of taxation in Iran and Central Asia, generally meaning “corvıe,” the duty of supplying workers without pay, such as for the construction and repair of irrigation systems, roads, and public buildings.

  • BĪGDELĪ

    Gerhard Doerfer

    (or Bēgdelī, also Bagdīlū), a former Turkish tribe; the name Bīgdelī appears to have survived only in personal names.

  • BĪGDELĪ, ĀḎAR

    Cross-Reference

    See ĀẔAR BĪGDELĪ.

  • BIHAR

    Syed Hasan Askari

    (Behār), a state in northeastern India, bounded by Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Orissa in the south, and Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in the west. This article treats the influence of Persian language and culture in Bihar.

  • BĪJĀPŪR

    Muhammad Baqir

    capital city and domain of the ʿĀdelšāhī dynasty (1489-1686), located on the western Deccan plateau. The ʿĀdelšāhīs established Shiʿism in Bījāpūr and actively encouraged the immigration of Persian writers and religious figures.