Table of Contents

  • BĪJĀR

    Eckart Ehlers

    a town and a šahrestān (county) in the Kurdistan province of Iran. The town, which has the highest elevation in Iran (1,920 m), lies ca. 120 miles north-northwest of Hamadān.

  • BĪLAQĀN(Ī)

    Cross-Reference

    See BAYLAQĀN.

  • BILGETIGIN

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    Turkish name associated with personalities before and during the Ghaznavid period.

  • BILIMORIA, NUSHERWANJI FRAMJI

    Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

    (1852-1922), Zoroastrian journalist, editor, and publisher.

  • BĪMA

    Willem Floor

    (bīme; Hindi bīmā), insurance. “Insurance” activities are re­ferred to for the first time in 1891, by Eʿtemād-­al-Salṭana in his diary entry of 13 Decem­ber.

  • BĪMĀRESTĀN

    Ṣādeq Sajjādī

    "hospital." The oldest Iranian hospital about which we have some information was that at Jondīšāpūr (earlier Bēt Lapaṭ), which, with the attached school of medi­cine, was founded at an unknown date.

  • BĪNĀLŪD, KŪH-E

    Eckart Ehlers

    mountain range in northeast­ern Iran between Mašhad in the east and Nīšāpūr in the west with elevations of up to 3,211 m.

  • BĪNAMĀZĪ

    James R. Russell, Hamid Algar

    NPers. “the state of being without prayer,” term for the state of a menstruant woman. i. In Zoroastrianism. ii. In Islam. All bodily discharges are regarded by Zoroastrians as violations of the wholeness of the person.

  • BĪNEŠ KAŠMĪRĪ, ESMĀʿĪL

    N. H. Ansari

    Persian poet of India in the 17th century. He left six maṯnawīs and a dīvān of ḡazals and qaṣīdas.

  • BINYON, (ROBERT) LAURENCE

    Parvin Loloi

    (1869-1943), prolific English poet, translator, art historian and critic, notably of Oriental art.

  • BIOGRAPHIES

    Cross-Reference

    See Supplement.

  • BIRCH

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    (Pers.tūs), the genus Betula L., found in western Azer­baijan, along the Karaj river, and other locations on the southern slopes of the Alborz.

  • BIRD, ISABELLA L

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    also known under her married surname of Bishop (1831-1904), British traveler in western Iran and Kurdistan during the late Victorian period.

  • BIRDS

    Derek A. Scott

    Of 324 breeding species, 131 occur widely in the Palearctic region, 81 are Western Palearctic species, reaching the easternmost extremities of their ranges in Iran, while 19 are typically Eastern Palearctic species, reaching the westernmost tip of their ranges in Iran.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • BĪRĪ

    Cross-Reference

    or BĪRĪTEKĪN. See BÖRI.

  • BĪRJAND

    Moḥammad-Ḥasan Ganjī

    town and district in the southeastern part of the province of Khorasan (lat 32°52′  N, long 59°13′ E).

  • BIRJAND

    Multiple Authors

    the capital and a sub-province in Khorasan-e Jonubi Province.

  • BIRJAND ii. Population, 1956-2011

    Mohammad Hossein Nejatian

    This article deals with the following population characteristics of Birjand: population growth from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, and economic activity status.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • BĪRŪNĪ

    Mohammad Ali Djamalzadeh and Ḥasan Javādī

    the public or male quarters of wealthy households, used for the conduct of business, male religious ceremonies, and parties for men.

  • BĪRŪNĪ, ABŪ RAYḤĀN

    Multiple Authors

    scholar and polymath of the period of the late Samanids and early Ghaznavids and one of the two greatest intellectual figures of his time in the eastern lands of the Muslim world (973-after 1050).