Search Results for “FREEMASONRY”

• FREEMASONRY

  Multiple Authors

  This famous fraternal order, bound by rituals and secret oaths, was introduced to Persia and adopted by Persian notables in the 19th century. It developed in the early 20th century and burgeoned in the period from 1950-78. Its practice still continues among some middle- and upper-class Persians in exile at the turn of the 21st century.  The topic will be treated in five entries.

• FREEMASONRY iv. The 1979 Revolution

  EIr

  From the onset of the 1978-79 revolutionary upheavals the Persian Freemasons became vulnerable to the anti-Masonic sentiments and threats of the main participants in the revolutionary coalition, including Islamic Fundamentalists, Leftist organizations, and Liberal-Nationalist forces.

• FREEMASONRY v. In Exile

  Hasan Azinfar, M.-T. Eskandari, and Edward Joseph

  Many master Masons managed to leave the country legally or illegally and emigrated to Europe, Canada, and the United States.

• FREEMASONRY i. INTRODUCTION

  Hasan Azinfar, M.-T. Eskandari, and Edward Joseph

  The principal officers of the Lodge are the Worshipful Master and the Senior and Junior Wardens. The Worshipful Master is the head and chief of the Lodge, the source of light, of knowledge, and instruction. Dressed formally on a high pedestal, he presides over the formal Masonic sessions.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• FREEMASONRY ii. In the Qajar Period

  Hamid Algar

  Persians made their first acquaintance with Freemasonry outside Persia, in India, and more importantly in Europe, and it was not until the first decade of the 20th century that a lodge regularly affiliated to one of the recognized European obediences appeared in the country.

• FREEMASONRY iii. In the Pahlavi Period

  EIr

  There were three distinct phases: (1) dormancy, from 1925-1950 under Reżā Shah and for the decade following his abdication in 1941; (2) revival, and the creation of the Lodge Pahlavi; (3) burgeoning, in the period of 1955-78, when dozens of regular lodges were chartered.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• FARĀMŪŠ-ḴĀNA

  Cross-Reference

  See FREEMASONRY.

• GRAND LODGE OF IRAN

  Cross-Reference

  See FREEMASONRY, iii-iv.

• ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ĪLČĪ

  H. Javadi

  Persian diplomat, b. 1190/1776 in Šīrāz. 

• ADĪB-AL-MAMĀLEK FARĀHĀNĪ

  Munibur Rahman

  poet and journalist (1860-1917).

• ḤAKIMI, EBRĀHIM

  Abbas Milani and EIr

  Ḥakimi was born into an old and prominent family of court physicians. The family had been court physicians since the 17th century, starting with the eponym of the family, Moḥammad-Dāwud Khan Ḥakim, a physician at the courts of the Safavid Shah Ṣafi and Shah ʿAbbās II and the founder of the Ḥakim Mosque in Isfahan.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• EQBĀL, MANŪČEHR

  Ahmad Ashraf

  (1909-1977), prime minister 1957-60, minister of the Royal Court, head of National Iranian Oil Company, and professor of medicine. He was regarded as an honest and ascetic man. His authoritarian character, obedience and unswerving loyalty to the shah, and political ambition, made him a trusted aide, but not a popular political figure.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• DALQAK

  Farrokh Gaffary

  buffoon, court jester, also sometimes known as masḵara.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN MIRZĀ

  Abbas Amanat and Farzin Vejdani

  Qajar historian and freethinker (1827-1872), son of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah (r. 1797-1834). Besides European influences, the intellectual sources of his freethinking are not entirely known. He associated with Mirzā Malkom Khan (1833-1908) and his secret society, the Farāmuš-ḵāna (‘house of oblivion’), which labored to recruit members.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, FARROḴ KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ

  F. Gaffary

  (1227-88/1812-71), a high ranking Qajar official.

• BURBUR TRIBE

  Dariush Borbor

  a Lor tribe dispersed throughout Persia, especially in Azerbaijan, Varāmin, northern Khorasan, Fārs, and Kermān.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• LAHUTI, Abu’l-Qasem

  Kāmyār ʿĀbedi

  (1887-1957), Marxist poet, political activist, and an important contributor to the modern of poetry of Tajikistan.

• KASRAVI, AḤMAD vi. ON MYSTICISM AND PERSIAN SUFI POETRY

  Lloyd Ridgeon

  By the turn of the 20th century the Sufi tradition in Iran no longer enjoyed the popularity and following that it attracted in previous centuries.

• AZALI BABISM

  D. M. MacEoin

  designation of a religious faction which takes its name from Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī Ṣobḥ-e Azal (about 1246-1330/1830-1912), considered by his followers to have been the legitimate successor to the Bāb.

• ALA, HOSAYN

  Mansureh Ettehadieh and EIr.

  (1882-1964), statesman, diplomat, minister, and prime minister during the late Qajar and Pahlavi periods. He served as a high-ranking official from the Constitutional Revolution of 1906-07 to the time of the White Revolution of 1963-64.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.