Table of Contents

  • ORDUBĀD

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    a town on the north bank of the middle course of the Araxes (Aras) river of eastern Transcaucasia, former in Persian territory but now in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

  • ʿORFI ŠIRAZI

    Paul Losensky

    Persian poet of the latter half of the 16th century (b. Shiraz, 1555; d. Lahore, Aug. 1591).

  • ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

    Kamyar Abdi

    a major research center devoted to the study of the history, languages, and archeology of the ancient Near East, and Egypt.

  • ORMURI

    Cross-Reference

    Language spoken by the Ormur or the Baraki. See AFGHANISTAN vii. Parāči.

  • OROITES

    C. J. Brunner

    satrap of Lydia, Phrygia, and Ionia during the reigns of the Achaemenid kings Cyrus II and Cambyses.

  • ORONTES

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    Old Iranian name, attested only in Greek forms, carried by several personages of the Achaemenid period.

  • OŠNUYA

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    (now OŠNAVIYA), a small town of southwestern Azerbaijan, on the historic route from the Urmia basin toward the plains of northern Iraq.

  • OSRUŠANA

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    a district of medieval Islamic Transoxania lying to the east of Samarqand (q.v.) on the upper reaches of the Zarafšān river or Nahr-e Ṣogd.

  • OSSETIC

    Fridrik Thordarson

    an Iranian language spoken in the Central Caucasus, mainly in the North Ossetic Republic (Alaniya) of the Russian Federation and in the South Ossetic (until 1990, autonomous) area of Georgia.

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  • OSTANES

    Morton Smith

    legendary mage in classical and medieval literature.

  • OSTOVĀ

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    rural district (rostāq) of northern Khorasan, considered in medieval Islamic times to be an administrative dependency of Nišāpur.

  • OTANES

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    Greek form (Otánēs) of the name OPers. Utāna(DB IV 83 u-t-a-n, rendered as Elam. Hu-ud-da-na, Bab. Ú-mi-it-ta-na-na-ʾ), which often is interpreted as “having good descendants”.

  • ʿOTBI

    C. E. Bosworth

    the family name of two viziers of the Samanids of Transoxiana and Khorasan.

  • ʿOTBI, ABU NAṢR MOḤAMMED

    Ali Anooshahr

    (ca. 961-1036 or 1040), secretary, courtier, and author of the Arabic al-Kitāb al-Yamini, an important dynastic history of the Ghaznavids.

  • OTRĀR

    C. E. Bosworth

    medieval town of Transoxania, in a rural district (rostāq) of the middle Jaxartes River (Syr Darya), apparently known in early Islamic times as Fārāb/Pārāb/Bārāb.

  • OTTOMAN-PERSIAN RELATIONS i. UNDER SULTAN SELIM I AND SHAH ESMĀIL I

    Osman G. Özgüdenli

     The dynamics of Ottoman-Safavid relations during these almost contemporaneous reigns (1512-20 and 1501-24, respectively) are closely connected with the general socio-political and socio-religious conditions in Anatolia, Persia, and the border regions between the two empires since the second half of the 15th century.

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  • OTTOMAN-PERSIAN RELATIONS ii. AFSHARID AND ZAND PERIODS

    Ernest Tucker

     At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Ottoman conflicts with European powers overshadowed relations with the Safavids.

  • OUPHARIZES

    R. N. Frye

    (Greek name or appellative Wahriz), general of cavalry in the time of Ḵosrow I.

  • OUSELEY, Gore

    Peter Avery and EIr

    (1770-1884), entrepreneur, diplomat, and orientalist.

  • OUSELEY, William

    Peter Avery and EIr

    (1767-1842), officer and orientalist.